When oil fields designates one discovered, but so far not yet promoted oil supplies. The development of the oil fields is an important characteristic for the future development of the oil price and thus the oil-dependent national economies of the industrialized countries.

Generally

Only a small part of the oil fields, to a large extent conventional oil, can be promoted due to physical borders as reserve. The economically promotable portion increases with rising oil price. The remainder, to a large extent unorthodox oil, remains resources, which cannot be promoted. By technical progress, and, become oil resources improve more favorable dismantling methods usable oil reserves; thus so far the oil constant of 50 years applied however today the only 36 years amounts to and by the high demand particularly made of China fast further-shrunk. Besides conventional oil becomes ever more scarcely and unorthodox oil economically increasingly more worthwhile. Critics like the geologist Colin Campbell point out however that unorthodox oil for reasons of the energy balance and the promotion conditions cannot be real replacement for the cheap source of energy crude oil (see peak oil).

Conventional oil

Conventional oil is cheap, rapidly available of the oil promoted today is conventional oil. It is characterised by the fact that it, owing to which geographically favorable situation of the occurrences and the small viscosity ("“tenacity"”) relatively simply and rapidly and therefore also economically from boreholes can be promoted. There are different estimations, when the maximum that will be reached promotion-conventional oil resources.

Unorthodox oil

Unorthodox oil is expensive, technically complex promotable oil. The demarcation from unorthodox to the conventional oil cannot be drawn sharply and become it with the term "“unorthodox"” very different sources in summary. All these sources it is however common that the is with difficulty, expensively, environmentalharmful and very slow. Polar and deep sea oil take a privileged position, which are called only from economic view unorthodox. More correct would be to be spoken with them from expensive conventional oil to. Among unorthodox oil the usually following stores types are ranked:

Oil shale

Oil shale is tonhaltiges sedimentary rock (no slate"…), which contains organic material, with which it does not concern oil, but its preliminary stage product Kerogen - an oil shale is a "“unausgereiftes"” oil source rock. Around from it oil to win the rock in the building of days must be diminished and heated up on 500 "°C - a process, which settled with the actual oil nature, by sinking into larger depths, and with humans be retrieved must. Therefore the net energy yield from oil shales is very small and the ecological balance very bad (environmentalharmful waste products, high CO2-Emission, high water consumption).

(tar sand)

is sandstone with a portion of viscous heavy and in the open mining to be promoted. The dismantling in the open mining and the processing to synthetic crude oil are very regarding time, technology, energy expenditure and environmental consumption, even if the balance for the favorable occurrences precipitates better than with oil shales. Only a small portion will be from the immense occurrences ever economically promotable, which can supply a substantial contribution however nevertheless in the future for total oil production (v.a. from Canada and Venezuela).

Liquid gas and condensate

Liquid gas (NGL=Natural gas liquid) and its condensate consist of short hydrocarbon chains in the transient area to natural gas (like e.g. butane and propane). Since the condition form is pressure-dependent, a demarcation is not clear to the natural gas. The promotion characteristic resembles it however much. Since it can be liquefied under pressure, it is usually added to the oil in most statistics, even if crude oil and NGL/Kondensat are because of the different physical characteristics different, not arbitrarily exchangeable materials.

Oil from coal

Coal still importantly longer to be available than oil and the occurrences are world-wide evenly distributed. It could be therefore enticing of it synthetic oil to make. The procedures of the coal liquefaction (Hochdruckhydrierung and Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese) are for a long time admit and became from Germany during 2. World war industrially converted. In addition, the problem is here: the procedures are expensively, extremely energy-intensive and therefore also very climaticharmful. Recently China shows again interest in the coal oil technology, promotes China and the USA nevertheless together over 50% of all promoted hard coal.

Deep sea oil

Under favorable and rare geological conditions, where large Deltas flowed into the sea, oil in places could form, which are today in over 200 m to 600 m depth of water (depending upon definition). Such oil is called deep sea oil (deep more water). Since the promotion is very expensive and it is often ranked among the unorthodox occurrences. The occurrences are limited to few locations, from those the largest before the coasts of Brazil, Angola, Indonesia and Nigeria, as well as because of the Mississippi delta in the gulf of Mexico in the USA are. The total potential becomes estimated on approx. 70 Gigabarrel, which the 2,5-fachen present world annual production of crude oil corresponds. Because of the high operating cost of the is tried to promote the oil as rapidly as possible. That is also a reason, why the production maximum is already expected by deep sea oil (despite short history) in the year 2014.

Polar oil

There due to the climatic conditions the oil production north and south 66 the degree of latitude, thus particularly in Alaska and Siberia, very expensive and is, it common to unorthodox stores is counted, thus as with the deep sea oil for economic reasons. The quantities promotable in these areas are expected with estimated 52 Gigabarrel under those by deep sea oil, since one does not know much however due to the high exploration risks yet about possible occurrences, are this number only a roughly estimated value.

World-wide oil reserves

The world-wide oil reserves can be computed in different kinds.

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