Pedanios Dioskurides sd) from Anazarba in Kilikien (small Asia) (1. Century) was a Greek physician, who as an army surgeon among the emperors Claudius and Nero in the Roman service. Most famous Pharmakologe of the antiquity.

Life

Trained probably in Tarsos, the most important center in the Roman realm and far, he wrote botanisch pharmakologischen research as a practical man due to Autopsie and under consulting extensive older literature in Greek language its Hauptwerk, HLES (lat. De materia medica) in five books, a pharmaceutics, which already recognized Galenus (129-199) after completeness and thoroughness as relevant manual. The second under the name Dioscurides delivered work, HAPL”N (over the simple cures) as genuine is now usually regarded; further texts firmierende under Dioscurides ' names earned a detailed examination.

The Materia Medica, which seizes approx. 1,000 medicaments (813 vegetable, 101 animal, 102 of mineral origin) and 4,740 medical applications offers, is divided first into five main parts: 1. Luxury and vegetable food, 2. animal materials, 3. direct medicine materials, 4. Beverages (wines); 5. Minerals. Against the before usual alphabetically or after outward characteristics arranged treatment of the entire medicine material offers systematics here for the first time to Dioscurides after the qualitative relationship and/or medical effectiveness of the individual medicaments (whereby also magic is not missing). A model character for later herb books into the early modern times had more still Dioscurides ' method of the description of plant: Name of the plant uund synonyms, origin, botanische description, medical characteristics, preparation and application, if necessary also referring to storage, uncovering of falsifications unt something similar. Already the oldest and most important delivered Dioscurides handwriting, the splendourful illustrated "„Viennese Dioscurides "“(Cod.med.gr.1, of 512/3 n. Chr., offers besides (just like later handwriting art-historically important) illustrations of the discussed welfare plants. Contentiously however, whether Dioscurides already added illustrations to its work, a procedure is, that on Krateuas (approx. 100 v. Chr.) - beside Sextius the Niger (approx. 30 n. Chr.), main source of Dioscurides - decreases/goes back and the success of the Dioscurides to the Middle Ages and Renaissance crucially contributed. Independently of it the modern identification of the plants described by Dioscurides raises substantial problems.

The medicament customer of the Dioscurides, in countless, again and again new working on, Paraphrasen and translations (Latin, Syrian, Arab, English, Hebrew, Turkishly and more) common, maintained for over 1,600 years without reservation their autoritative validity in evening country and Orient in the area of pharmacy, the planting and drug customer and is to be regarded as one of the most influential works in the history of the medicine and the pharmacology at all. Most important classical source for the modern botanische terminology, lost the work of the Dioscurides and its arrangement pattern only with the penetration of the botanischen nomenclature of its outstanding scientific influence. The ascent of organic chemistry in 19. Century however displaced its use also out of the everyday life practice of herb customer, pharmaceutical production and application.

Literature

Text

• Pedanii Dioscuridis Anazarbei De materia medica, OD. M. Wellmann, 3 Bde, Berlin 1906/14 (lp 1958);

Facsimile/comment

• H. Gerstinger, Dioscurides: Codex Vindobonensis Med.Gr.1 of the Nationalbibl., 2 Bde, Graz 1965/70;

Translation

• The Pedanios Dioskurides pharmaceutics, and erkl. v. J. Berendes, Stuttgart 1902 (lp 1987);

Secondary literature

• C.E. Dubler, La "“Materia Medica"” de Transmisin medieval y renacentista, 6 Bde, "¨"¨"¨ 1952/59;
• J.M. Riddle, Dioscurides, in: F.E. Wreath/ring (OD.), Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum, Washington 1980, IV: 1-143;
• M.M. Sadek, The Arabic Materia Medica OF Dioscorides, 1983;
• J.M. Riddle, Dioscorides on Pharmacy and Medicine, Austin 1985.

Related links

• "“The Pedanios Dioskurides"”, completely in German translation.

• Julius Berendes German translation of the Materia Medica, full text (HTML)

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