Pietro Andrea Mattioli (lat. Matthiolus) (* 23. March 1501 in Siena; "† 1577 in Trient at the plague) were an Italian physician and Botaniker.

Pietro Andrea Gregorio Mattioli studied first philosophy, late medicine and natural history at the University of Padua. There it became 1523 the Dr. phil. attained a doctorate. In order to improve its surgical talents, it changed to its study to Perugia to Gregorio Caravita. Subsequently, he worked in the Ospedale di Santo Spirito and in the San Giacomo Xenodochium for incurably patient in Rome. Into this time also its first studies fall to the Botanik.

1527 changed Mattioli to Trient and worked as a practical physician in the Trentino, starting from 1539 in Gorizia. In the south alps it acquired its immense knowledge of the Alpenflora.

Starting from 1554 he was a body physician of ore duke Ferdinand I. then from emperors Maximilians II. in Prague.

Beside medical writings Mattioli wrote the Dioskorides comment "“Commentarrii in sex libros Pedacii Dioscoridis,"…"”, meaning for the Botanik of the Renaissance, which appeared 1544 in Italian language first without illustrations. The most important expenditure is latin version of 1554, completely revised by it, which is illustrated with 563 woodcuts. Later editions appeared also in German, French and Czech language. The book reached more than 60 editions.

This work contains a set of kinds, which are not contained in the herb books by Otto Brunfels, Hieronymus support and Leonhart fox.

Mattioli described the tomato introduced from America as one of the first in the year 1544 and called the yellow forms "“mala aurea"”, the golden apples. Also the first illustration of the Rosskastanie in a European herb book comes from Mattiolus. On this tree Willem Quackelbeen (1527-1561) in a letter from Istanbul had reported to it, where this Ambassador of emperor Ferdinand Ith was at the yard Sultan I.

Also it gave references to the use of individual plants in such a way over the carrots, with whose form one was already reminded of an aphrodisiac: "“The carrots simmered are to be eaten lovely, the stomach useful, drive the urine, bring desire too feed and to the conjugal works"”. To the beans: "“they provoke the unkeuschen feelings"”. After Karl farm servant woman was Mattioli "“excessively vainly and disputatiously and insults on everyone, which had another opinion or error proved to it"”.

The Levkoje was designated by Carl von in honours of Mattioli with the generic name Mathhiola.

Writings

• Commentarii in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis de medica materia. Adiectis quam plurimis plantarum & animalium imaginibus, eodem authore. Venice 1554.

Sources

• Karl farm servant woman (1992): History of the Botanik. Fischer
• Ilse Jahn (2000): History of biology. Spectrum

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