The plane is a tool of the carpenters for working on wood. The surface of the wood is worked on, as with the Hobeleisen splinters are cleared away by the material.

The plane arose in the Eisenzeit, over about 1200 v. Chr.. The oldest, received pieces decrease/go back into the gallogermanische epoch. The layer or gouge ranks among the oldest tools.

A plane essentially consists front part of the box of the Hobelkasten with Spandurchgang, the Hobeleisen of hardened tool steel as well as a wedge as Einspannvorrichtung.Am is the Hobelnase. It serves the guidance of the tool with the first hand. The second hand seizes around the Handschutz behind the clamping wedge. It implements the Schubbewegung. A plane can be nearly equally well served by on the right of or left-handed people. At the back of the Hobelkastens the impact button is attached. The Hobeleisen is adjusted by light impacts with the hammer on this metal button. In this way the thickness of chip can be varied. In addition wedge and iron can be also completely loosened in such a way and taken out, if the Hobeleisen is to be reground. The cut achievement and surface quality depend among other things apart from the sharpness of the iron on the angle of intersection. This indicates, in which angle the Hobeleisen lies in the box. With the finery plane for example the iron stands somewhat more steeply than with the simple plane, thus rather a scraping effect possesses.

The supporting plate of a hand-guided plane is called plane sole. It is strongly stressed during planing and manufactured usually from Hainbuche, because their wood is very resistant. In the accompanying illustrations it is recognizable that the plane sole consists of the brighter wood of the Hainbuche. In former times plane soles were often manufactured from that dark-brown-greenish Pockholz (Guajak), because this wood is still harder as Hainbuche.

In continental Europe manufactured plane outweighs from wood, while in the anglo-saxon area the plane bodies are usually manufactured more rarely from cast irons or from Bronce. Occasionally also combinations of steel with wood occur. The adjustment devices of the metal planes are complex and permit finest adjustment by means of a screw.

Kinds of planing tools

• Schrupphobel - serves for the acceptance of thick splinters. The Hobeleisen out-standing far is rounded off at the cut.
• Rough bank - serves edges for the production of even surfaces and straight lines as well as for adding (preparation of the woods for glue) larger workpieces or veneers.
• Simple plane - for first smoothing and smoothing of the rough plane of section one uses.
• Double plane - provide like simple planes, however with a double iron. The double iron forms briefly behind the cut an edge at that the splinter is broken, so that a smoother surface is obtained.
• Finery plane - serves for smoothing smoothed surfaces, works more finely than the double plane
• Windshield frame section plane - with this usually narrow plane that can be done to plane measurer over the entire width of the tool, so that into the edge crease can be planed.
• Profile planes have a formed plane surface with an appropriate iron. Thus profiles can be provided. Since profile planes for each profile must be particularly made, they any more are not used. Profiles are today milled.
• Ship planes - have a flexible steel sole, which can be adjusted by means of a set screw both convex and concave. This permits it to be able to plane roundnesses.

• Zahnhobel - rather a scraping has as cutting effect with its very large angle of intersection of approx. 80"°. Into the Hobeleisen fine grooves are milled, whereby the surface which can be worked on is roughened up.
• Burr plane - it has an angle of 78"° between plane sole and side whereby planing of burr feathers/springs is possible. In order to avoid a tearing of the Hirnholzes, it possesses additionally a Vorschneider.
• Grundhobel - a narrow iron standing far over the plane sole has. It is possible to plane the reason of a groove.
• Falzhobel - with side and Tiefenanschlag and Vorschneider in former times for the accurate production of
• Groove plane - narrow straight iron with identical, set off sole, frequently with adjustable deep and side notices, in former times for the accurate production of slots
• Hole plane - usually are made of metal and serve for planing the Hirnholzes. Contrary to the normal plane procedure parallel to the stature direction/grain of the wood effected, with the Hirnholzhobel transverse to the growth direction one works. This requires a very sturdy plane with as small a angle of intersection as possible.
• Beer plane - bottle openers in form of a small plane

Proverb

In the colloquial language the plane became proverbial: Where one planes, since splinters fall. Thus it is to be suggested that an action, if it is angepackt can bring also disadvantages with itself, which one cannot avoid; as also the splinters resulting when planing a workpiece in purchase being taken must.

Literature

• Greber, Josef M.: The history of the plane: from the Steinzeit to the emergence of the wood tool factories in 19. Century/of Josef. M. Greber. - Repr. after the Orig. from the year 1956. - Hanover: Shepherd, 1987. - 398 S.: Ill. - (Edition "“libri rari"”). - ISBN 3-88746-188-6

See also

Manufacturing method, cheese plane,

Web left

• Old handicraft things
• http://www.holzwerken.de/museum/">The tool museum - see ship planes

Articles in category "Plane"

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