Resembles the population Ecology beginning the synthetic evolution theory of the biology, which was originally developed by Charles Darwin. By the constant advancement of the population and the fact that each individual is subjected to a selection process, the chances of the populations adapted to the dynamic environment increase to survive, while the chances of survival "„of the weaker ones sink "“.

In the following is to be described now, how this theory for the economy was developed further and as organisationale evolution theory on enterprise application found. The population Ecology beginning particularly in the USA one used and one developed further, whereas in Germany mainly the theory of the evolutionary management was discussed.

General agent and Hauptwerke

• Hannan/Freeman (1977) The population Ecology OF organizations
• Hannan/Freeman (1989) Organizational Ecology

• Aldrich/McKelvey developed constructing on the theory of Hannan/Freeman the population further Ecology beginning

Theory

On the basis of the acceptance that there are three reasons, why organizations are able only in a very small measure to adapt purposefully to environmental changes i.e.,

• (A) different groups of interests, which pursue different goals
• (B) imperfect information about purpose central relations
• (C) the inertia of organizations

are mainly concerned Hannan and Freeman in your theory with the "“organisationalen inertia"”.

Hannan/Freeman

The organisationale inertia is caused by a multiplicity of processes and can be divided into internal and external obstacles. Internal obstacles know for example to investments, which cannot be transacted, there the necessary know-how are missing or the internal resistance against restructuring, to be. As examples of external obstacles can be consulted among other things the market entrance and market withdrawal barriers or the financial load for the procurement of the necessary Know How's.

The moreover one Hannan/Freeman combine the individual organizations into so-called ''' "“populations"” ''', which are then analyzed in your change. A population the belonging organizations are characterised by a common essential structure, a common structural drawing or a common basic model.

On the basis of these populations Hannan/Freeman analyze now, under too the evolution theory, after variation, selection and preservation.

Variation

Changes or alterations of populations result particularly from reestablishments of organizations. Many founders orient themselves at successful organizations already existing, retain proof of worth and add new structures.

Selection

In population the Ecology beginning is considered only a kind of the selection, i.e. becoming extinct "“more badly"” (badly adapted, useless) and surviving "“good"” (more successfully) systems. The selection is given by the restrictions of the environment. There are a great many environmental condition, to which an organization must adapt, for example business fluctuations, economic crises, technological renewals, unforeseeable events uvm.

Preservation/retaining

Successful organizations are institutionalized, according to population Ecology beginning, and transferred to the society. In addition form bureaucratic routines, which can be easily passed on.

Aldrich/McKelvey

Constructing on the theory of Hannan/Freeman Aldrich/McKelvey developed now the population further Ecology beginning. In contrast to Hannan/Freeman they worked not with the term "“populations"”, but speak of organization-own authority. These authority consists of elements organisationalen knowledge, like for example patents, procedural specifications, work engineerings, and the like, which is embodied in the organization.

Variation

The assumption this "“knowledge"”, also Combs organisationalen mentioned, take place over interhuman interactions, like for example external advisors, seminars, in addition, attitude of new coworkers or industrial espionage.

Selection

The selection takes place via the success, which this knowledge promises or to present has. Successful knowledge spreads by far faster than less successful. Exactly the same "“knowing"” persons are often consulted as models or invited to lectures and seminars. Also the Abwerbung of capable coworkers is to be achieved a method new organisationales knowledge.

Preservation/retaining

As also with Hannan/Freeman the preservation of these Combs is guaranteed by institutionalizing and bureaucratic routines.

Articles in category "Population Ecology beginning"

We found here 33 articles.

Related Websites

We found here 4 related websites.

• Elements of Mathematical Ecology - Cambridge University Press
  Suitable for upper level students and beginning researchers in ecology, mathematical biology ... graduate-level textbook in mathematical population ecology, ...


• Elements of Mathematical Ecology - Cambridge University Press
  Suitable for upper level students and beginning researchers in ecology, mathematical biology ... graduate-level textbook in mathematical population ecology, ...


• Reader's - Plant Pathology Internet Guide Book (PPIGB)
  The web site Quantitative Population Ecology, maintained by Alexei Sharov at ... Beginning with a brief introduction and definitions on population ecolgy, ...


• Review
  Quantitative Population Ecology, by A. Sharov, Dept. of Entomology, ... Beginning with a brief introduction and definitions on population ecolgy, ...