Prkt / Public administration (France)

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A (Latin praefectus, of praeficere = "set forward ") is generally sense of word a chief or a superior.

in the Roman realm

In the Roman realm a person was called, who was entrusted by municipal authorities or the emperor with the perception of a certain task in administration or military.

from the senator conditions

Praefectus urbi struggle-high senator, formal deputy of the emperor for the city Rome and commander of the Cohortes urbanae. In late ancient times the from Rome and Konstantinopel belonged to three senators, those to the highest dignitaries in the Reich.Praefectus aerarii militaris the Praetur had dressed and aerarium the militare (supplying cash for veterans) verwaltetenPraefectus aerarii Saturni two senators, those the public treasury verwaltetenPraefectus alimentorum senator, responsibly for alimenta (funds for the supply of needy children) the Praefectus frumenti dandi two been Praetoren, for the free distribution of grain in Rome

from the knight conditions

Praefectus Aegypti governor of Egypt, the highest-ranking office, a Eques accessible warPraefectus the annonae responsible for the grain supply of Rome. The office gave it also for other cities of the Roman ReichesPraefectus civitatis to governors of a region, which (still) was not included into the actual province administration. A well-known example is Pontius Pilatus, Praefectus of vehiculorum leaders cursus publicus, the national praetorio the whose office was converted in late ancient times to the head of the civilian realm administration. Praefectus vigilum commander of the Vigiles in RomPraefectus legionis commander of one of the putting ions stationed in Egypt (corresponds to the Legatus legionis with other putting ions) Praefectus cohortis and Praefectus alae commander of an auxiliary troop unit (Kohorte or Ala), until Claudius also often assign a career post for Centurionen, then nearly only at knights. Praefectus castrorum commander of a putting ion camp, usually ascended from the career of the CenturionenPraefectus classis commander of one the Roman FlottenPraefectus fabrum actually "chiefs of the craftsmen "(= pioneers) in the Roman army, partly also for other officers uses

Further

Praefectus collegii chiefs of a BerufsvereinsPraefectus iure dicundo with the iurisdiction entrusts

Catholic church

In the catholic church the is a leading clergyman, for example in mission areas (Apostoli above all however to the Kurie; here those cardinals are called (Kardinalpr¤fekten), those with the line

the Kurienkongregationen
the Apostoli signature, or
the prefecture for the economic affairs of the holy chair are entrusted.
Educator in a boarding school. care for the pupils in the spare time and with the completion of the homework.

The in France

In France the (French ) is a representative of the central state on the level of the

Until 1982 the was also a highest civil servant of a Since the decentralization laws of 1982, which made adequate regional administrative bodies with own effective range from the former simple administrative subdivisions and municipality, the administration of the of the selected president of the general council is led.

The is however further a representative of the French state in the and therefore also today still by the president is appointed. In addition he is director/conductor of the entire dekonzentrierten public administration in the as such come it in particular extensive police powers too (boss of the brigades of the Gendarmerie national one in the Besides necessary the supervision of local which was with the decentralization is incumbent on the It possesses also powers in the development planning.

As representative of the state and implementing organ of the policy by the absolute loyalty is demanded opposite Paris. This explains, why only faithful way companions of the respective president of this will appoint to vakante prefectures.

The line of the Arrondissements is settled by (French sous ), which have their seat in the (French sous ). The administration of the Arrondissements, in which the principal place of the lies, in personnel union by the of the (thus without own is led.

At those places, which are principal place of a region at the same time, the represents the interests of the state as (French de rgion) also opposite the organs of the region.

An official residence (in the prefecture) and a service car are to the at the disposal. They may leave their only with permission of the president, since they are entrusted in emergency or emergencies with the co-ordination and line of all safety and emergency services.

The in Italy

The today's Italian national state came out 1861 from the Kingdom of Sardinien Piemont, whose administration was organized after napoleonisch French sample. For this reason the Italy and France differs only insignificantly.

Within the higher Italian civil service the forms a special group of careers divided into several stages. are leading active in the ministry of the Interior or in its division settled authorities and organizations. In addition, they can work within other ranges of the government (e.g. than Nachrichtendienstkoodinator in the office of the Prime Minister). Their major task is however the agency of the centre government in the provinces.

Italy consists 103 provinces of 20 regions, and over 8.100 municipalities (conditions 2005). Besides there are still province-free larger cities ( metropolitans). Provinces and cities can be divided as autonomy bodies still into (dependent) districts (circondario) and/or urban districts.

Regions, provinces and municipalities are both decentralized administrative districts of the national government in Rome and autonomy bodies with own field, own government and own representative government.

The national government maintains branch offices of the Ministries in Rome (e.g. regional school managements or in the provinces of tax offices of the Treasury) in its decentralized administrative territories depending upon need. To the regions the supervision over the decentralized national authorities on regional level and the administrative supervision introduce at the same time over the regional government contrary to France as a government commissioner designated civil servants (self-governing body shank with own authority, e.g. in the health service, tourism, trade, in the agriculture and in the building industry). On province level these tasks hold as in the French the which carries additionally the highest responsibility for public security and order in the province. They supervise the work of the decentralized national authorities in the province and besides also the province government (self-governing body shank). The municipalities have transferred national field apart from own autonomy authority still another (e.g. Register office, residents' registration office). Here the mayor is a representative of the state at the same time. But both the municipality and its mayor are subject to the supervision of the likewise.

In Italy in the context of the was repeated demanded to abolish the napoleonischen (and the government commissioners). They are considered as Aufpasser, which do not seem to fit into a modern, according to the principle of the developed commonwealth. Many think still of the time, in which there in the kingdom Italy (1861-1946) on the level of the provinces and municipalities (there were not regions at that time yet) no autonomy bodies was, but only a all-powerful government authority in the form of as iron fist of the center in Rome and usually appointed mayors. Today the in the provinces takes rather an intermediary role between the national government and the autonomy bodies. In emergencies, e.g. in natural catastrophes and accidents, it showed itself again and again that their coordination and guidance authority are extremely useful.