A project phase or a project section is a categorization of the progress condition of a project on the basis the reaching less, the phases from each other clearly more defining, milestones. As details the phase arrangement is accomplished, depends on the project size. Since a pure phase arrangement for effective steering of the project is too inaccurate however, it is kept usually relatively rough; more finely subdivided phases are consulted usually only for the budgeting and expenditure collection, offer however too few starting points for effective Gegensteuern in the case of deviations.

The use of phase models is placed in the project management increasingly in question. At phases aligned project management methods are more controlled, the beginning can the work on the project too much in addition, out-brake. In practice phase plans are frequently repealed set, without measures are made for the treatment of the risks arising with it. This leads frequently to substantial problems.

Frequently project phases are not also from each other defined strictly, but to overlap. Under temporal criteria such overlapping of phases is every now and then inevitable. The total period of a project can be tightened in such a way. The actual structuring function of the phase organization is however infiltrated thereby and can cause problems.

Generally one can divide the entire course of project into the following four main sections:

• the project definition
• the project planning (at the same time also a target area of the project management)
• the implementation of the project and - control
• the project conclusion

Examples of phase models

Topic and industry specific are similar phases, but different designations. Often the phases receive capital letters as names. Some phases are together seized, e.g. Phase C + phase D - > phase C/D. Each phase should lock with an investigation (Review), which guarantees the Zielerreichung. The initial phases, often as conception and definition phase, phase A and phase b or phase A/B designation, determine considerably the future of the project. Although the development studies compared few to the overall project cost, they specify approx. to 70% of the later expenditures.

Equipment construction

General phase model for the lying close and instrument making

• (A) Concept phase (Conceptual phase) with the system concept examination (SCR system Concept Review)
• (B) Definition phase (definition phase) with the system specification examination (CSSR system Specification Review)
• (C/D) Draft and development phase (Design and development phase) with the provisional draft revision (PDR Preliminary Design Review) and the critical draft revision (CDR Critical Design Review)
• (E/F) Manufacturing, operating and maintenance phase (Deployment and operational phase) with the system production examination (system Production Review)
• (G) Deactivation phase

Space travel

Phase model of the ECSS (European Coorperation on space Standardization) for space missions ()

Preparatory phase or mission analysis

Conclusion: Mission definition Review (MDR)

Conception or feasibility.

Conclusion: Preliminary requirement Review (PRR)

Definition phase or Preliminary definition phase.

Interim report: System requirement Review (SRR)

Conclusion: Preliminary Design Review (PDR)

Design phase or Detailed definition

Start: usually with SRR

Conclusion: Critical Design Review (CDR), usually flowing transition to phase D

Development or Production

Conclusion: Qualification Review (aileron)

Qualification or Flight Qualification

Interim report: Operational Readiness Review (ORR)

Interim report: Flight Readiness Review (FRR)

Interim report: Launch Readiness Review (LRR)

Conclusion: '' Flight Qualification Review (FQR)

Employment or Utilization

Conclusion: End to OF Life Review (EOLR)

Disposal or Disposal

Balzert

The phase model after Balzert

• Planning phase
• Definition phase
• Design phase
• Implementation phase
• Introduction and acceptance phase
• Maintenance and care servicing
• Evaluation
• Redesign

Technical tasks

Phase model for technical tasks

• Conception
• Planning
• Realization
• Test
• Introduction
• Use

Organization projects

Phase model for organization projects

• Actual state analysis
• Goal planning and target conception
• Pilot application
• Evaluation pilot attempt
• Conversion total concept
• Evaluation total concept

Investitionsprojeke

Phase model for investment projects

• Project planning
• Engineering
• Authority procedure
• Procurement
• Building and assembly
• Start-up
• Training & documentation
• Planning of the use

Literature

• Burghardt, Manfred: Project management, 6. Edition, Munich, Publicis Corporate Publishing, 2002

See also

• WikiPedia: WikiProjekt project management
• Water drop model
• Spiral model
• V-model
• Generik
• Design Review Based on failure mode

Articles in category "Project phase"

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