A (Latin: praefectus praetorio or praetorii) was in the high Kaiser era of the commanders of the elite troop of the serving as guard of the Roman emperor. In late ancient times he was a highest civilian civil servant of the Roman realm.

The Praefectus praetorio from Augustus to Diokletian

Since the year 2 v. Chr. the was commander of the Roman guard troops which protected the emperor. Originally an office with only small power, changed this under Tiberius. Several times it came to revolution attempts against the emperor. In later time the office combined several powers (administration, army, finances), especially was around 200 n.Chr the Papinianus, Ulpianus and Iulius Paulus important Roman lawyers, who were as it were substantial as Ministers of Justice active and to the advancement of the Roman right contributed.

The number of the Praefecti varied. Originally two were later, could it however quite occur that three or more persons dressed this office, straight because it in the course of the time so many (also civilian) authority had actually pulled.

Well-known with amazing authority was:

• Quintus Ostorius Scapula and Publius Salvius Aper (starting from 2 v. Chr.) begun by Augustus
• Lucius Seius Strabo
• Lucius Aelius Seianus (14-31) under emperors Tiberius
• Naevius Sutorius macro (31-38) under Tiberius and Caligula
• Sextus Afranius Burrus (51-62) under Nero
• Gaius Ofonius Tigellinus (62-69) under Nero and Galba
• Nymphidius Sabinus under Nero and Galba

The Praefectus praetorio since the time constant in the large one

In late ancient times the function of the office changed fundamentally. The Praefecti became in the year 312, in which reign entmachtet constant in the large one, in view to its military influence. They had too often interfered with the help of the guard into the policy. Therefore Konstantin relieved it of its military tasks - the which had served rivals constant in the Maxentius loyal, was dissolved - and pointed to them instead purely civilian tasks too. The became thus the central administrative organ of the realm, the first management level underneath the emperor. Off now there were three, starting from the handing hurrying 395 four Praefecti, which had to worry about the administrative districts:

• Praefectus praetorio by Orientem (for Thrakien, small Asia, Syria, Egypt)
• Praefectus praetorio Illyrici, Italiae et Africae
• Praefectus praetorio Galliarum (for Britannien, Gallien and Hispanien).

The handing hurrying in the year 395 had consequences for the there the prefecture Illyricum, Italia et Africa to be divided had. To the westRoman realm thereafter the Praefectus praetorio Galliarum belonged and a Praefectus praetorio to Italiae et Africae (was subordinate also to the Pannonien), to the eastRoman realm of the Praefectus praetorio by Orientem and a Praefectus praetorio Illyrici.

This role played the office up to the end of the earlyByzantine time. Only with the loss of the Syrian and African realm areas at the end of the antique ones and the reorganisation of the remaining realm in topics it lost its central position and was finally actually abolished.

See also

• List of the

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