A physician or a lady doctor (v. griech.: = that uppersound, body physician; too more archiater (latinisiert)) concerns itself with the Vorbeugung (prevention), recognition (diagnosis), treatment (therapy) and aftercare of diseases and injuries.

The variety of the diseases and their possibilities of treatment led to a breakdown of the Humanmedizin into a large number of fields of activity and Subspezialisierungen (see: List of medical fields of activity). The dental medicine takes a privileged position.

The Germanic name for the occupation of welfare (old high German ) is for example in Swedish , in the English leech (Blutegel) or in the surname receive laughter man (detailed data to the Etymologie).

In many specializedlinguistic Komposita the original Greek word () emerges and/or the older, more scholarly form : '' - by medical acting, the Psych causes ''' more iater ''' - the soul physician '' etc. iatrogen.

General information

The function of the"” physician "“and/or the"” Heilers "“is one oldest mankind. Colloquially in equating of medicine - the medical profession - medicine man expresses himself still. First is only the designation of a field of activity within the medical welfare art. Third can be positively used in the sense much knowing physician in addition, with negative Beiklang of one secret knowledge carrier.

Historically seen the occupation of physician from the conditions developed [welfare-well-informed], which are to be found with the priests of the antiquity. From their experience medicine - over many stages away - in the long run the medical school medicine followed, but finds we today experience medicine and Schulmedzin still next to each other - and still they fertilize themselves mutually. In Germany there is today the physician as a nationally recognized representative of the school medicine and the welfare practical man as a nationally recognized representative of the experience medicine.

The occupation sociology teaches that a profession develops like that of the physicians under such circumstances its own condition moral, whose most well-known form is the"” oath of the Hippokrates "“. In glaring cases (see the"” Triage "“) it stands before nearly unsolvable tasks. Their intactness could be seen e.g. to it whether with lethal epidemics the physicians do not defect.

Physicians are subject to a national monitoring of the permission (license to practise medicine in D, see below in other European Union countries) and among other things that physician-solicitor-genuinly, which means large restrictions in the publication and publications. Physicians cling to their patients not on success of their acting, can be obligated to the compensation them however under the criterion of the physician adhesion. Criminally medical interferences of the bodily injury are equated, which is not punishable only if the of the treated person is present and is made the action on the conditions up-to-date medical knowledge - exemption from punishment does not apply to Quacksalberei. ("§"§ 223 FF StGB) physicians take a key position in the health service and decide by its using up practice considerably on the sales development of Pharmaunternehmen, from which they will lastingly umworben by Pharmareferenten.

Germany

The free practice of the medicine is permitted in Germany only approbierten physicians, with fixed restrictions may also welfare practical man patient treat. Special ranges of the diagnostics and therapy are also accomplished (i.d.R. on Veranlassung of physicians) by members of the welfare auxiliary occupations.

The license to practise medicine as a physician presupposes a six-year study of the Humanmedizin. The country widely uniform license to practise medicine order regulates the training of the medical student concerning the duration and contents of the training in the individual subjects, as well as the examinations. This locks with the state examination. From October 1988 until October 2004 additionally a 18-monatige activity was as a"” physician in the practical course "“necessary under supervision of a approbierten physician for the acquisition of the full license to practise medicine. Subsequently, to the study it is usual that a physician works for several years as Assistenzarzt on a hospital, in order to train themselves further on one or more special fields the medicine and to possibly acquire a specialist title, which is the condition for the address. Established physicians work in free practice, if necessary also with several physicians in a joint practice or a practice community.

Each physician is obligation member of the physician chamber (national physician chamber), in whose area it exercises its medical activity. In Germany (conditions 2004) 394,400 physicians are announced, of it are 88,000 without medical activity at present. 59,000 family doctors and 58,900 specialists possess the cash-medical permission. In the hospitals 146,300 physicians are busy.

Austria

In Austria one is with the graduation (the final university studies) first a doctor of the entire medicine (Doctor medicinae university-sows/Dr. med. univ.). Independently as a physician actively will may one also here only, if either for three years in the context of the"” rotation "“different (defined) disciplines became to go through and the work by the respective department executive committee were evaluated positively. Thus one acquired"” jus practicandi "“, thus the authorization for the independent practise of the profession as a physician for general medicine. Alternatively the training as a specialist can take place immediately after the graduation. Many specialists complete the rotation however before beginning of the training totally or partly.

Switzerland

In Switzerland one is authorized after with the state examination locked the study first Swissly federal diplomierter physician and as such to the work as Assistenzarzt in hospitals and medical practices. The training as the independent practise of the profession authorized specialist lasts depending upon technical between two ("” practical physician "“) and 8 years after the study conclusion. For a specialist title must besides a specialist examination are put down. Afterwards the physician may call himself"” specialist for <Fachgebiet> FMH "“. Permission for the practice opening is regulated kantonal, the permission for practise of the profession zulasten the health insurance companies by the health insurance company central association Santesuisse is given, is however only one formality. Up-to-date exists however a practice opening stop, which the practise of the profession zulasten the health insurance companies limits. Only with need proof, e.g. with a practice assumption, a permission is possible. The respective specialized company examines - so far this at all possible actual whether each specialist of its advanced training obligation (depending upon field of activity 60-100 hours per year) follows. Since 1 January 2005 one applies by the country-wide valid work time law justified maximum number of hours worked per week of 50 hours to the and upper physicians. Up to then contracts with the formulation were"” the work time depend on the needs of the hospital "“usually, whereby work times were often to be carried out over 60 and 70 hours per week, without financial reconciliation. Also with the new work law the and upper physicians carry still scarcely 20% out more weekly hours than the remaining persons employed in more more hospital and wider public range (42-Stundenwoche). Thus hourly wages and total compensation under those the welfare auxiliary personnel (nurses, Physiotherapeuten etc.) result lie for the To young upper physicians corresponding applies compared with welfare auxiliary personnel with technical training and higher length of service stage (e.g. intensive nurses). The leading physicians and are financially in the total compensation better posed, however they are separated from the work time law and have thereby no legal protection of their maximum work time.

Physicians in other occupations

• Some physicians are as writers admit become, about Peter Bamm, Gottfried Benn, George Hans Carossa, Louis Ferdinand Michael Crichton, Alfred Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Rainald Goetz, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, Elias William Somerset Maugham, Navarro Valls, Walker Percy, Friedrich Schiller, Carl Ludwig creep, Arthur Schnitzler, Anton P. Tschechow, Ernst Weiss, William Carlo Williams, and Friedrich wolf.

• Other physicians became politicians: Salvador all end, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Georges Clemenceau, Howard Dean, Bill Frist, Che Guevara, George Habash, Berne pool of broadcasting corporations Kouchner, Jean Paul Marat, Michelle Bachelet

Statistics

280,000 (approx.) lady doctors and physicians were employed in the health service of the FRG 1998. Of it about 115,000 in own practice. 135,000 lady doctors and physicians were active in the hospital. (Data of the

At present (to conditions 2004, see Abbi.) 394,400 physicians are announced, of it are 88,000 without medical activity. 59,000 family doctors and 58,900 specialists possess the cash-medical permission. In the hospitals 146,300 physicians are busy.

Articles in category "Physician"

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