Richard Fridolin Joseph baron Krafft von Festenberg on glad mountain, mentioned of Ebing (* 14 August 1840 in Mannheim; "† 22 December 1902 in Graz) was a GermanAustrian psychiatrist and right physician.

Life and work

Krafft Ebing was born as the oldest of five children of the upper office man grossherzoglich of Baden Friedrich Karl Konrad Christoph of Krafft Ebing.

The nut/mother Klara Antonia Carolina was a daughter of the famous Heidelberger lawyer and defence counsel Carl Joseph Anton Mittermaier. The paternal sex - in the year 1770 ennobled by empress Maria Theresia - had been raised 1805 from emperor Franz II. into the realm baron conditions.

By the vocational transfer of the father compelled, the family pulled first into several places of bathing and finally to Heidelberg, where Richard of Krafft Ebing itself after the maturity examination on the university, at which its grandfather jurisprudence read, to who study of the medicine turned and 1863 the state examination with its work over "„the Sinnesdilirien "“with "„summa cum laude "“completed and to the doctor of the medicine was attained a doctorate.

A convalescence after a typhoid fever illness led it for a summer long to Zurich, where it became acquainted with William Griesingers brain-anatomical investigations. It hospitierte in Vienna, Prague and Berlin.

In the following years 1864-1868 it experienced the practical introduction to the widely distributed area of the treatment and care of spirit patients and nerve-suffering in the lunatic asylum of Baden Illenau, particularly by Christian scooter and Karl Hergt as an assistant. In 1867 a developed work realization of doubtful soul conditions it created the term "„of the obsessions "“, which found entrance into the science just like later that "„of the dawning conditions "“by it.

Short time of 1868 up to the beginning of the French-German war (1870/71) established itself from Krafft Ebing in Baden-Baden as an independent mental specialist. Equal to beginning of its activity he transferred the support of its younger, heavygotten sick brother Friedrich in months-long, most devoted way. After lost fight for the life only of the Erholungs-und art journey led it, connected with attendance of psychiatric and neurological institutes several weeks by southern Europe. During the war he cared for patients only as a field physician in the captain rank of the division of Baden and finally with his transfer into the fortress Rastatt as a military hospital physician its. It brought the observations, which he made here in particular with the typhoid fever patients, in a special paper to the representation. After end of war it was entrusted with the line of the electricaltherapeutic station in Baden-Baden, in particular with the neurological subsequent treatment of wounded Krieger.

To this time already on a stately number of scientific publications looking back, was anxious of Krafft Ebing to seize an academic career. After a sample lecture in Leipzig under the Dekan of the medical faculty Wunderlich a decision of the Professorenkollegiums was to be already expected over the grant of its Habilitation. However to 13. May 1872 could open its psychiatric hospital in Strasbourg from Krafft Ebing after the Angelobung.

After a one year's guest role at at that time the again established psychiatric hospital of the University of Strasbourg - the university clinic consisted of two beds in a room for men, one further two-bed room for women and two areas for the line of the hospital - that needed to accept in the meantime thirty-two years old university professor these restrictions only short time.

By switching of its teacher scooter it 1873 the management just of the national lunatic asylum field yard created of ore duke Johann with Graz and the chair for psychiatry were at the same time transferred at the Grazer university.

In the year after there as its wife a Maria Luise Kissling followed it from Baden-Baden.

At the 22.Mai 1874 it opened the hospital in Graz and led these up to the year 1880. After efforts for many years it finally reached that it was relieved of the double position by the loads in the way that it could deliver the administration of the institute in field yard and under appropriate adaptations at the hospital 1885 excluding professor for psychiatry was.

A part of its research was directed to examine the relations between psychiatry and criminal law. Already in its Strassburger time it brought out its fundamentals of the Kriminalpsychologie, afterwards 1875 as the first larger work the text book of the judicial Psychopathologie. From the multiplicity of its publications, which experienced partial repeated editions and admits to further circles became, is here the text book of the psychiatry (1. Aufl. 1879) and then its probably most well-known work Psychopathia sexualis (1. Aufl. 1886), which extended new editions by numerous, constantly to the standard text book of the Sexualpathologie 19. Century one called.

Special meaning had Krafft Ebing for the scientific view of the Still in 19. Century was considered the as a sign of an immoral attitude of mind and a dekadenten way of life and was thus subject as crime against the morality hard terms of imprisonment (victims of this legislation among other things OSCAR savage became). Krafft Ebing understood itself on the one hand as a court physician, on the other hand than empirical scientist and than such employed it research, which should justify obligatory guidelines to the punishability of Sexual and Sittlichkeitdelikten.

In Psychopathia Sexualis it defines the as innate neuropsychopathische disturbance - thus as a hereditary nervous disease. This diagnosis made it possible to it to express itself for a perfect exemption from punishment of the since homosexual ones were not even responsible to deformation for their "„"“and were not sticking on the Although Krafft Ebing applied at its time as relevant instance in the area of the court medicine, appeal remained being without consequences.

Krafft Ebing remained thirteen years long in the steirischen capital. It was conscious itself that a separation of the psychiatry from the neurology was incompatible with a erspriesslichen effectiveness in both specialized branches, and after constant striving in this direction its Professur on psychiatry and neurology was extended. During its activity in field yard and the Grazer hospital put the foundation-stone from Krafft Ebing to its world-famousness. In few years its name actually spread over the whole world. From many countries came patient to it. For those ever more largely becoming number of its patients he built for the time at that time an exemplary private hospital in Maria green. With the name, the Richard of Krafft Ebing meanwhile in the professional world - it was along-consulted nevertheless several times also abroad (Italy, France, Russia and others) for consultation - could it had created itself not be missing that one appointed it first 1889 to Vienna to the Ith psychiatric hospital of the down-Austrian national lunatic asylum after max wrong village and 1892 after the death of Theodor Meynert to the psychiatric university clinic of the general hospital.

Several specialized publications, 1894 its well-known Monographien over "„the progressive paralysis "“- an illness, appeared to its feather/spring so among other things also here which it made also for 1897 on the international one medical congress in Moscow the topic much of a considered lecture.

Today well-known technical terms like that "„of the Sadismus "“or that "„of the Masochismus "“were again created by him. It was occupied in detail with the Hypnotismus and used this as one first clinically. It became increasing as a court-appointed expert beige-pulled. At the age of only sixty-two years Krafft Ebing pulled itself from health reasons - after he had celebrated still before in Vienna its anniversary as a university professor - after Graz into the sanatorium Maria-green created by him back and only a half year after its retirement on 22 December 1902 several impact accumulations set for its life an end. It left its wife, two sons and a daughter.

He was time life an affectionate, anxious husband and father for its family, was several languages well-informed and often found recovery by the occupation in the piano play. Its interpretations of Schubert and Beethoven found also in its friend circle acknowledgment.

"„It was a quite distinguished nature "“, is called it in the ring-back signal of the Viennese clinical weekly revue, "„opposite its patients was it from an agitating quality and friendliness. There nothing could bring it from its peace, it possessed a completed self-control, it proved to each situation grown. Its high shape, its firm course, its calm view, its through mental width unit face were the patients most excited by an often marvelous effect on "“. Richard baron von Krafft Ebing was buried at the pc. Leonhardfriedhof in Graz.

For the following researcher generation around Magnus deer field Krafft Ebings of realizations and its strictly empirical method the starting point of their own research formed.

Related links

• Heinrich Ammerer: Krafft Ebing, Freud and the invention of the Perversion"… (phil. Thesis (diploma), on-line) (pdf file)

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