Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow (* 13 October 1821 in Schivelbein, Pommern; "† 5 September 1902 in Berlin) was a physician at the citizens of Berlin and politician (a German progress party). It is considered among other things as a founder of the modern pathology and as one of the most important modern medical profession at all. He was a representative of a strictly scientifically oriented medicine.

Life

After conclusion of its medicine study it attained a doctorate 1843 in the subsection of the pathology with the work DE RHEUMATE PRAESERTIM to CORNEAE at the citizens of Berlin He was scholarship holder of the citizens of Berlin army surgeon academy Subsequently, he worked in the Prosektur of the citizens of Berlin 1848 he took part actively in the March revolution. Thus its position in Berlin became untenable, and it was forced to accept a call to the University of peppering castle. Also different universities, under it the ETH Zurich, had offered the assumption of a chair to it.

Virchow taught starting from 1849 at the University of peppering castle. 1856 it returned to Berlin and took over the again created Ordinariat for pathology as well as again its old position as pro sector to the and remained there 46 years up to its death. He removed the existing pathological-anatomical collection, and starting from 1899 this could in the again established pathological museum - which today's citizen of Berlin medicine-historical museum to the - by the interested public to be visited.

1858 it published its theory of the Zellularpathologie, which mean that diseases are based on disturbances of the body cells. The realization brought in world fame for it. In addition he worked as a medicine historian. Besides it was also still active as a journalist and published several magazines. Up to its death it visited regularly the rising Solbad bath to the grape/cluster cure and was in a friendly manner connected with the there district physician Dr. Veit buyer. Its honour grave is on the old pc. - Kirchhof in Berlin beautiful mountain.

Medicine and social question

Rudolf Virchow used itself also for a medical basic supply of the population. "“The Medicin is a sociale science, and the policy is nothing else as Medicin generally speaking. "“On Virchow the mechanism of first local hospitals decreases/goes back in Berlin back, thus in Friedrichshain (1874), Moabit (1875, in the meantime closed) and at the Urban (1890). Also parks and children's playgrounds should improve the situation of the urban Proletariats.

Hygiene and disease krankheitsvorbeugung

Virchow worked also as practical public health specialists; in this function he advised German and foreign governments in epidemic questions. It provided for the introduction of the mandatory Trichinenschau to Prussia.

The meeting of German natural scientists and physicians dedicated itself on the conference 1868 in Dresden of this question. Virchow endorsed washing drains, contrary to Frankfurt physician George Varrentrapp, which endorsed a removal and a use as fertilizer. Together with James main header right was Virchow starting from 1869 massgeglich involved in the fact that Berlin received drains and a central potable water supply into the 1870er years. The drainage of the city ran over twelve independent radial systems, which led to sewage farms outside of the city, the then cleanest solution of the sewage disposal.

Politician

Virchow took part in the March revolution 1848. 1861 was it initial member and chairman of the German progress party. Its goal was the "“liberty with its daughters education and prosperity"”. It pleaded for a liberal society and a social medicine, which should stand on the soil of scientific clearing-up.

From 1861 to 1902 it was member of the citizens of Berlin town council. There it supported the building of hospitals, market halls and a hygenic slaughterhouse (that 1881 established central cattle yard). The most important project was the planning of modern drains for the city.

From 1862 to 1902 it belonged to the Prussian Lower House. it placed there a request for restriction of the military expenditure north Germans of the federation and general disarmament to 1869, conflict management by international arbitral tribunals and creation of United States of Europe.

From 1880 to 1893 Virchow was member of the German Reichstag at the same time, in which he particularly exerted himself for the structure of a national health welfare service. Politically he was a decided opponent Otto von Bismarcks, by him even to a duel was demanded, which however never took place. It supported for the local autonomy and minority rights, among them for in terms of figures strong Polish group of peoples in Prussia, and fought decided arising anti-Semitic tendencies. From the colonial policy it did not think anything.

Archaeologist

Besides it still worked in various way in the areas of the anthropology, Ethnologie and archaeology. He was friend and promoter of Heinrich Schliemann. Together with Adolf Bastian and R. Hartmann he in November (1869) the "“citizens of Berlin created Anthropologi society"”, later renamed in "“citizen of Berlin society for anthropology, Ethnologie and prehistory"”; the establishment of the "“German society for anthropology, Ethnologie and prehistory"” followed 1870. It differentiated as the first between more slawischer (type of castle barrier) and bronze-temporal ceramic(s) (Lausitzer type) and promoted so the castle barrier research.

It was involved, among other things in the establishment of several citizens of Berlin museums the Ethnologi museum (Lansstrasse 8, Berlin Dahlem), the Provinzialmuseums museum (Berlin)) and the people customer museum. By its switching Heinrich Schliemann left its Trojan collection of the city Berlin.

Scientific mistakes

Since it contradicted allegedly its Zellularpathologie, it faced the realizations of the microbiology as a disease cause very sceptically. It regarded the evolution theory Darwins as interesting model for further discussion. Altogether it could not warm up however for it. it wrote 1874 that the was not a subject and probably also none would become. Virchow turned likewise against the interpretation of the Neanderthalerskeletts (the named-giving Erstfundes from the Feldhofer Grotte). It pathologisierte the find and did not want not to accept the speech of the find up to its death as Vormensch. However the Pathologien described by Virchow at the find was actually present, what does not change anything in the fact that it concerns one of Homo sapiens sapiens different form. Virchow stood, like also many other representatives of the medical establishment, for that of roll-points uncovered connection between section exercises and child bed fever sceptically to rejecting opposite.

Writings

• Canalisation or 1869
• The unit efforts in the scientific Medicin. Berlin 1849.
• The public health care. In: The Medicini reform 1 (1848) 5, 21-22/7, 37-40/8, 45-47/9, 53-56
• Collected papers on that areas of the public Medicin and the Seuchenlehte. 2 volumes, Berlin 1879
• Against the Antisemitismus (1880)

Literature

• Field farmhand, Erwin Heinz: Rudolf Virchow: Physician, politician, Anthropologe. Stuttgart 1957
• Andree, Christian, Rudolf Virchow: Life and Ethos of a large physician. Is enough Mueller 2002, ISBN 3-7844-2891-6 ''
• Christian Andree: Rudolf Virchow as . Cologne 1976
• Christian Andree (Hrsg. and editor): Rudolf Virchow - all works (contributions to the scientific medicine from the years 1846-1850, department of I: Medicine, volume 4). Publishing house Peter Lang, Berne/Berlin/Frankfurt/Main/New York/Paris/Vienna 1992, 602 S., 6 sw-Taf., 1 four-color. Taf., ISBN 3-261-03665-6
• Ludwig Aschoff: Rudolf Virchow. Hoffmann & Campe, 1946
• Goschler, Constantin: Rudolf Virchow. 2002, ISBN 3412091022
• Christian Jenssen: Rudolf Virchow. In: Manfred Asendorf and Rolf von Bockel (Hrsg.): Democratic ways: German personal records from five centuries. An encyclopedia. J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart and Weimar, 1997, P. 859 - 661, ISBN 3-476-01244-1
• Christian Jenssen: "“Armament is the microbe of the war"…"”: Rudolf Virchow (1821 - 1902), more schillernder "“Apostel of the peace and the reconciliation"”. In: Thomas Ruprecht, Christian Jenssen (Hrsg.): Askulap or Physicians against the war. Donat, Bremen 1991, ISBN 3-924444-51-X
• Ernst Meyer: Rudolf Virchow. Limes publishing house, 1956.
• Heinrich Schipperges: Rudolf Virchow. Rowohlt, 1994, ISBN 3499505010
• Manfred Vasold: Rudolf Virchow. The large physician and politician. DVA, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3421063877

Related links

• Biografie Virchows
• Sociopolitical working Virchows
• Virchows thesis "“De rheumate praesertim corneae"” (lat.)
• Literature collection of the University of peppering castle
• Website to citizens of Berlin the society for anthropology, Ethnologie and prehistory

Articles in category "Rudolf Virchow"

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