The Sandbirke (Betula pendula) (Syn.: B. alba, B. verrucosa), also , Weissbirke or Warzenbirke mentioned, is a kind of deciduous tree from the kind of the Birken (Betula). Their slim, elegant stature, their white bark and its tender make it spring green the spring symbol. In Scandinavia and in Russia it has a similar role in the people customs as the lime tree and the oak in Germany. The Sandbirke was in the year 2000 tree of the yearly.

Description

The achieves maximum heights of 30 meters and maximum diameters of 0.9 meters. The maximum age amounts to 150 years. The branches are away pointed-angularly, the branching will overhang. The crust is white, at the master basis with tiefgefurchter, black bark. The branches are occupied with numerous cork warts. The Sandbirke forms a not very deep, but intensive heart root system. The change-constant, gestielten are 4 to 7 centimeters long. They are rhombic, with long taken off point, their edge are doubly sawed.

The female and male blooms are separate into hanging on a plant Bloom time is from April to May, the seeds matures in August until Septembers. The seeds are about 3 millimeter long which is thinmembranously winged. The light seeds are spread by the wind.

Occurrence

The occurs in completely Europe, with exception of north Scandinavia. Their circulation area reaches in the east up to the Jenissei, Altaigebirge, Caucasus and north Persia. In the south alps it rises up to 1900 meters of NN. It is mixing tree species in light forests, in moorlands, heaths and lean pastures. Main occurrence is in the borealen needle mixed woodlands Sibiriens and Scandinavia and on nutrient-poor, dry sandy soils with Kiefer and oak. The is an undemanding, frost-hard and fast-increasing pioneer tree, which settles as first breaking, rubble and bald surfaces. Against the soil it sets few requirements, by its small competition strength it to extreme locations is usually displaced.

Use

Sometimes the is a split pin wood tree, in the age a fakultativer core is formed. The wood color is white to reddish yellow. The moderately severe wood with a gross density of 0,61 g/cm is soft, but tough and flexibly. It can be worked on well, is however with difficulty fissile. In the external area the durability is small. For furniture and interior fittings used, from it will become splinter, plywood and fiber boards and cellulose manufactured the Birkenholz. Of different maser forms valuable veneers are made. The Sandbirke supplies a outstanding firewood, which burns due to the high Terpengehalts also in the green condition. The brushwood is used for brooms. In the spring by drilling the trunks a bleeding juice is won, made of the Haarwasser and Birkenwein. Of the crust Birkenteer can be made, which is used as Pix Betulinae against skin diseases and as for the treatment of leather. Of the are there numerous garden forms, so the Trauerbirke, the blood Birke and the Birke.

In the Phytotherapie (Pflanzenheilkunde) components of the Sandbirke are used likewise, predominantly sheets, buds and crust.

In the crust and the sheets of the Birke, pain-restraining material was found more natural, in the long run in 19. Century in chemically more changed (more optimally) form into the medicine introduction held: Acetylsalicylic acid (admits as "„aspirin "“). For internal application one uses the sheets as dte (Aufguss), outside application finds Birkenknospentinktur for the support of the Wundheilung.

contain as therapeutically effective components: ethereal oils, calcium, iron, Flavonoidglykosid, iodine, soda and phosphorus. They work energizing, blood-cleaning, diuretisch, urine-floating, salt-separating and wash the joints out. Therefore they find to application for Arthritis, charge, striking and hair problems, Nierengries, kidney and blister stones and other kidney blister illnesses, rheumatism, transpiration, to promote water craze and around the Gallensekretion. Side effects are not well-known. As contraindication edemas are considered due to reduced heart or kidney activity.

Other

The Sandbirke developed an aggressive technology, in order to become generally accepted in the competition around the sunlight against other tree species: Effectively proper flight corridors sharpen the flabby hanging branch flax working by the cork wart trimming such as sandpaper into the crowns of tree closely neighbouring standing trees of other kinds during wind effect constantly and.

Literature

• Christian game (editorship) et al.:

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