The Schwarzkiefer (Pinus nigra) or belongs to the (Pinaceae).

Description

The Schwarzkiefer is a large coniferous tree with more conical and at the age of crown. It is not very similar in its Habitus of the forest Kiefer. In contrast to the forest Kiefer its needles are longer and not like that strongly turned. Also the tap is substantially more largely than with the forest Kiefer and the bark is differently colored. It can reach with good conditions a height of 45 meters and an age of 500 to 600 years. Best it prospers on lime soils in the penumbra. The wood is very resin-rich with a reddish-brown core.

Spreading

The natural circulation area of the Schwarzkiefer lies in the south of Europe, particularly from Spain to Turkey. Also on Cyprus and in the Atlas mountains the Schwarzkiefer exists naturally. Mostly it is to be found in altitudes of 250 up to 1600 meters NN. As a forest tree one finds it in the alps and low mountain ranges, over Kalkgestein. In Germany it is for example cultivated on shelly limestone around Jena approximately. P. nigra is common, here it is called in eastern Austria strongly. There are large existence in the Viennese forest as in the stone field.

Systematics and areas

From Pinus nigra gives two subspecies with in each case three it have different circulation areas:

• P. n. subsp. nigra: Mountains of the northeast Mediterranean area,
  • P. n. subsp. n. var. nigra: Austria, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Macedonia, Albania and Bulgaria, in low altitudes between 200 and 1200 m NN, with Southeast-European, continental climate with something summer rains.
  • P. n. subsp. n. var. caramanica: Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, in altitudes of 800 to 2000 m NN, in the Mediterranean climate without summer rains.
  • P. n. subsp. n. var. pallasiana: At the black sea coast, between 200 and 1200 m NN, in areas with something summer rains.
• P. n. subsp. salzmannii: Mountains of the western Mediterranean area, with 500 to 1600 m NN.
  • P. n. subsp. s. var. salzmannii: Spain to Southern France.
  • P. n. subsp. s. var. corsicana: Korsika and central Italy.
  • P. n. subsp. s. var. mauretanica: Absent-minded areas in Algeria and Morocco (also an occurrence in south Spain it is to give).

see also: Pecherei

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