Sea radish tree, or also Behenbaum, Behennussbaum, clarifying central tree, drum stick tree and like some other plant types also miracle tree mentioned, (English Horseradish Tree, Drumstick Tree, Ben Tree) (Moringa oleifera) (Syn.: M. pterygosperma, M. moringa, Guilandina moringa) belongs to the family of the (Moringaceae).

Name

The German name sea radish tree is derived just like the English "“Horseradish Tree"” from the content of which lead to the fact that the roots smell stinging burning like Meerrettich. These "“were discovered of the Englishmen"” during the colonial age in India also as sea radish replacement. Bennuss, or Behennuss written, is derived from the fact that from the seeds the is won a lubricating oil.

Botanik

It is a tree, which reaches a height of 5 to 15 m. A young tree can grow under natural conditions in one year over up to 4 m. The root is carrot-like thickened, the trunk is relatively short with a diameter of up to 25 cm. It can thicken bottle-like. It branches out to many thinner, somewhat hanging branches outstanding far.

The sheets are accumulated at the points of the branches. They are spiral arranged, have a length of 20 - 25 cm and are two to three-way pinnated. The oval is 1 to 2 cm long.

The plant has 2 to 3 cm large blooms with 5 short 5 petals, 5 fertilen and 5 Staminodien. The bloom conditions are as Rispen trained the one length from 10 to 25 cm have and from the Blattachseln to rise. The blooms probably are, from chremig white color and yellow points at the basis.

Mature fruits are about 2 cm broad serrated caps with a length from 25 to 45 (to 90) cm length, why the plant carries also the English name "“Drumstick Tree"”. They remain hanging and jump for a long time on the tree finally with three flaps up.

The seeds are roundish or nearly three sharp-edged and with 3 paper-like wings occupied in each case. They are arranged in the fruit in a row and in white, dry Mark embedded.

Occurrence and location

Originally the tree originates from the Himalayaregion in northwest India, however world-wide in the Tropics and Subtropen particularly in countries of Africa, Arabia, Southeast Asia and the Caribbean islands is cultivated.

In addition, the tree prospers in hot, semiarid Klimaten with middle precipitation sums between 250 to 1500 mm/year, grows in areas with high air humidity with annual rain quantities up to 3000 mm. Although the kind prefers permeable, lehmige sandy soils, it grows also on heavy loamy soils. She bears also light frosts.

Use

Very young, unreife dark-green fruits become like the Greens beans verzehrt. They besides as spices are processed and are a component of the Curry. In India they are cut into pieces and cooked softly, whereby only the soft inside is eaten. The young sheets will know cooked and as vegetables used and blooms as salad to be roughly used. The taste of the vegetable is to resemble that of the asparagus.

The carrot-like roots of young plants with a height of approx. 60 cm are excavated or pulled from the soil and processed afterwards, as the crust is scraped off. The carrots contain benzyle mustard oil, which reminds of the taste of Meerrettich. They are used for peppering of meals.

The sea radish tree is a good example for the fact that a popular vegetable can be also from high Fern-like, recent, at Vitamin A, B, C and minerals (magnesium, calcium, iron) extremely hand sheets of the sea radish tree are on the Philippines at most common vegetable. In Thailand the recent green branches of wildly growing kinds are likewise used as vegetables, which one blanchiert usually and then to a spicy Dipsosse is enough or gives to soups.

From the seeds, Behennuss mentioned, is pressed (as from the Bennussbaum M. peregrina) fat oil, which is durable for a very long time and does not become ranzig. In former times as basis for the production of ointments or as fine lubricating oil in the watch-and-clock-making industry was used and serves today as salad oil for food purposes or for the production of soap. As it is used also for fuel purposes. The water-soluble crust rubber of the sea radish tree is used also as Appretur.

Research in the last decades showed that the seeds also for the dressing of drinking water to be used can. The seeds are released, peeled and dried from the wings and converted then to powder. This is then given in water, which was taken for instance out of rivers and therefore still another high portion on cloud-openly has. A barrel fully with very cloudy water can be completely clarified with 200 to 250 mg of the powder, if this 1 to 2 hours is agitated. The cloudy materials are ausgeflockt by the seed powder and to sink so to soil. After detailed investigations a side-effect can be excluded by the powder on humans.

An appropriate clarifying effect was examined also with M. stenopetala (BAK.) CUFOD made of Kenya and Ethiopia, whereby it showed up that its seed powder is still more effective than from Moringa oleifera.

In many cases Moringa is used oleifera also as for the demarcation of properties or as wind protection.

Contents materials

All plant parts, above all the roots contain from which with treatment stinging sharp benzyle mustard oil develops. In the crust of the roots toxic alkaloids, "„"“and "„Moringinin "“, are contained of Spirochin why this must be removed before the consumption.

The edible plant parts above all the sheets have a high content of proteins, are vitamin (v. A. of Vitamine A and C) and mineral material-rich (calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron). On the Philippines the sheets place at most common vegetable.

The following table shows different contents materials of Moringa compared with other food (related to 100 g edible portion; after Gopalan, C. et al.).

Due to fast growth, the relatively simple cultivation possibilities (the plant can be increased easily vegetativy by putting wood) as well as the various usefulness of the sea radish tree and other Moringa kinds in developing countries of the Tropics and Subtropen numerous projects were started, with which vegetables, seed powders or other products are to be produced and marketed.

Medicine

A set of plant parts or - products of the sea radish tree one uses in the local medicine. The juice is used, in order to stabilize the blood pressure. Blooms work The fruits lindern pain and with the roots are cured rheumatism tables complaints. Also the crust than digest-promoting means is partly chewed.

The alkaloid Spirochin contained in the root works bactericidal, why in the meantime also a use is examined as antibiotic as well as in biological plant protection. Also the long unreifen seed caps are to contain medical active substances.

Literature

• Franke, W. (1997): Useful plant customer. Thieme Stuttgart
• Folkard, Geoff and John Sutherland (1996): Moringa oleifera: A tree and A litany OF potential. Agroforestry Today. (8/3: 5-8).
• Gopalan, C. et al.: Nutritive VALUE OF Indian foods. Hyderabad, India: National institutes OF Nutrition, ICMR, 1989.
• Heywood, per cent (1982) bloom plants of the world. Basel Boston Stuttgart
• Encyclopedia of biology (1994). Herder Freiburg.
• Mayer, franc A. and Elkie Stelz (1993): Moringa stenopetala provides food and low cost more water purification. Agroforestry Today (5/1: 16-18).

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