The second lieutenant is a military rank.

Historically

Second lieutenant came as leaning word "„lieutenant"” around 1500 from the French into the German linguistic area. "„lieu tenant "“- derived from French "“lieu tenir"” - meant in the French "„governor "“, the word trunk decreases/goes back to the medieval "„locum tenens"” (lat. governor, deputy). In the Middle Ages each captain of a selected one "„Lokotenenten "“as its deputy. In this sense the word second lieutenant can be used also in German, in Roman languages is derived from it "„Tenente "“or "„Teniente "“.

Among the old French kings "„the lieutenant was you Roi "“the deputy of the king in the army or in a fortress. Napoleon I. renewed this in the meantime abolished title, by appointing the marshal Soult 1813 as a viceroy of the peninsula "„the lieutenant de l'Empereur "“. The emperor made its Stief and adoptive son de Beauharnais the viceroy of Italy. In French armed forces and numerous other armies the Unterleutnant (Sekondeleutnant) ranks than lowest officer rank under the second lieutenant.

Germany

The current way of writing was arranged in Germany only 1899 for the military use.

In the today's military arrangement the second lieutenant is usually intended as platoon leaders or a deputy company commander. It belongs to the grade category of the second lieutenants and/or Subalternoffiziere.

Rank

The second lieutenant designates a soldier in the lowest officer rank in Germany with the German Federal Armed Forces. At the German navy this rank is called second lieutenant to sea.

Soldiers in this rank can give crews, NCOs without Portepee and NCOs with Portepee of instructions within the borders set by the superior regulation (VorgV).

The second lieutenant "„of the deputies"” of the captain was military historical (in former times Premierlt.=1. Deputy; Second lieutenant in former times Secondelt.=2. Deputy). In armed forces of some countries a comparable rank is called directly deputy. Thus likewise the rank is derived lieutenant colonel as the deputies of the highest one, and the lieutenant general (three-star general) as the deputies of the general (highest rank of the German Federal Armed Forces).

As a second lieutenant one is paid after the federal pay regulation (BBesO) with A9.

Training

With the German Federal Armed Forces the training as the officer regularly ends after 36 months with the transport from the cw2 to the second lieutenant.

Thus mostly however only the troop-official training is final. So e.g. beginning medical officers of the German Federal Armed Forces (like the civilian medical profession also) to for instance in the middle of had to complete 2004 still another one year's service as second lieutenant - a physician in the practical course (AIP), before you received the license to practise medicine and then directly to medical officer could be promoted. With the tooth medical profession of the German Federal Armed Forces was however different. Due to the civilian legislation needed this no AIP time to complete and directly from the cw2 to the medical officer were carried.

Today it is by the change of the license to practise medicine order and the adjustment of the careers by the change of the soldier career regulation different. There a medical officer candidate quite six years needed to be promoted over to second lieutenant to make more attractive a rule transport after 36 service months was introduced around the career. This rank is led up to the transport to the medical officer, after existence of the second state examination, with the additive "„SanOA"” medical officer candidate. "„AiP"” there is not the additive any longer.

The German officer schools are in Dresden (army), (Air Force) and Flensburg - (German navy); Command and staff academy of the German Federal Armed Forces in Hamburg Blankenese.

Switzerland

In Switzerland the transport takes place to the first lieutenant after "„army XXI "“after completing the entire training as the second lieutenant (the inclusive practical service dh. the Abverdienen in a VBA) and 3 WK as a second lieutenant and/or after 3 degree years as second lieutenant regulation on the compulsory military service (pdf)

As a Miliz second lieutenant one must annually approximately 4 weeks service carry out (one week cadre before before, three weeks refresher course). Altogether a second lieutenant must, and/or first lieutenant 600 service days complete up to the dismissal. An officer school of normally 15 weeks precedes the appointment as the Subalternoffizier, whose high point is the holding out exercise (at least sieve, under normal conditions eight to nine days). The 100-Kilometer-Marsch, which complete however no more all federations, is likewise contained. With the artillery, guidance/transmission troops, genius and rescue troops, the armored troops and the infantry is he however a still firm component of the target of an officer. The 100-Kilometer-Marsch is accomplished at a piece, duration approx. 18-22 hours. At the mounted veterinarian troops in place of the 100-Kilometer-Marsches a 100-Kilometer-Ritt is completed.

Austria

In Austria the second lieutenant is likewise the lowest officer rank, for which a 8-semestriges study is necessary in the course of studies military guidance at the Theresiani military academy in Viennese new city. Since it concerns thereby a specialized higher education, lock the cadets with the Sponsion to the Magister (FH). Different is the training with the second lieutenant of the militia , which is likewise promoted with some maneuvers and examinations to second lieutenant. This does not lock however with the Magister.

In addition the use designation becomes a second lieutenant for leading officials (E1) of the executive in Austria, in addition federal police and law guard belong, while the basic training for the leading official uses. Since it concerns with the awake bodies mentioned civilian bodies, which are organized after military sample only, it acts however not over "„police officers"”, but they lead only officer ranks as use designation.

Sources

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