A special economic zone is a geographical area within a state, in which the legislation is regarding the economic and tax law different than in the remainder of the state. The goal of the mechanism of such a zone is usually the increase of in and foreign investments. Special economic zones were furnished in several countries, among them the People's Republic of China, India, North Korea, Russia, Viet Nam, Poland and Kazakhstan, in the Trikont states were established it with the help of the World Bank for the 1960er years.

People's Republic of China

With the Chinese special economic zones stands separate particularly for the economic system and the economic policy. That means that the centre government gives the right to the special economic zones to pursue a special economic policy. There are special tax preferences for investments to Sonderwirtschaftszonen.Das economic system of the special economic zones been based on the following four principles:

• Building activity takes place, in order to tighten and use foreign capital
• The prevailing economic subjects are Chinese-foreign Joint venture and partnerships as well as foreign enterprises
• Production is with priority intended for the export
• The economic activities are determined by the market.

Special economic zones have a special status in national planning (the inclusive financial plan) and to have in their restaurant economics the same rights as a province. The local government of a special economic zone has the right to the legislation list of the special economic zones

• Province Guangdong: Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou
• Province Fujian: Xiamen
• the entire province Hainan

Also the formerly British and Portuguese lease areas Hong Kong and Macau are considered as special economic zones, have however larger autonomy relating to domestic affairs (special administrative zone). Beyond that the People's Republic has the entire coast from the Korean to the vietnamesischen border (excluded the delta of the Huang He) to the open coastal region as well as the ports Dalian (former Russian-Japanese lease area), Qinhuandgao, Tianjin, Yantai (near the formerly British lease port Weihai), Qingdao (formerly GermanJapanese lease area Tsingtao), Lianyungang, Nantong, Shanghai, Wenzhou, Fouzhou, Guanggzhou (canton), Zhanjiang (formerly French lease area) and Behei to open coastal towns explains - all together former treaty ports. Besides numerous cities in the interior were again opened.

North Korea

After Chinese model and with South Korean investments since the year 2000 also in North Korea four special economic zones were furnished:

• Industrial region Kaesong
• Tourist region Kumgang san
• Sinuiju
• Rajin Sobong

Germany

Experts of economic politics are in disagreement over it whether a special economic zone for East Germany should be furnished. Thus an government-officially ordered expert round pleads around of Hamburg ex mayors Klaus von Dohnanyi for the mechanism of such a zone. Some experts consider it to tariff and tax political and in view to European Union rules not interspersable. Other specialists give not to the bad economic situation in the east, but the delay more necessarily more socially and above all economics and tax political reforms in Germany the debt at the economic crisis, which continues to persist in Germany.

India

In April 2000 the Indian government decided to convert the eight national export production zones (export processing Zones - EPZ) into special economic zones (Special Economic Zones - SEZ) after the model of China. These are in:

• Chennai (Federal State Tamil Nadu)
• Falta (West bengal)
• Kandla (Gujarat)
• Kochi (Kerala)
• Noida (Uttar Pradesh)
• Santacruz (Mumbai, Federal State Maharashtra)
• Surat (Gujarat)
• Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh)

Jaipur (Rajasthan) became later also in Indore (Madhya Pradesh), and Kolkata (West bengal) special economic zones furnished, 61 further were granted and to rule itself in planning and/or in the development.

In the Indian special economic zones no tariffs are raised. The enterprises settled there have free entrance to the Indian domestic market. Besides the government offers a number of further incentives such as tax preferences or - issue over a certain period as well as legal special arrangements. A goal is it to attract foreign investors and internationally competitive to develop export-oriented industrial companies.

Russia

Officially there is one special economic zone in Russia only: Jantar with Kaliningrad. Their status is however disputed, at present lies plans both for its extension and for its abolishment on ice. Beyond that a special economic zone was brought for the Kurilen in the discussion. The idea to furnish special economic zones also in Russia after Chinese model (wider) (particularly in Siberia and the Far East), is attributed to ex Prime Minister Jewgeni Primakow.

See also

• Export production zone

Related links

sezindia.nic.in - special economic zones in India (English)

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