When a person or a grouping designated Stakeholder (English = "„representative "“, "„rightful "“), who notices its entitled interests.

Stakeholder in the marketing and management

The principle of the Stakeholder is the extension of the Shareholder of VALUE beginning spread in the marketing and management.

Contrary to the Shareholder VALUE principle, which places the needs and expectations of the shareholders of an enterprise (e.g. the shareholders at a corporation) into the center of the interest, the principle of the Stakeholder tries to seize the enterprise in its entire socialeconomic context and to bring the needs of the different groups of requirements in agreement. Into extension to the so-called Customer Relationship management (CRM), which only with the relations of the enterprise with its customers argues, goes the principle of the Stakeholder Relationship management (SRM) clearly, there it continues to try the relations of an enterprise with all to bring and/or its most important groups of requirements in agreement.

As Stakeholder thereby the coworkers are considered beside the Shareholdern (the owners) (up to the managers, e.g. Requirement on occupation and security), the customers (e.g. Requirement on quality and reliability), the suppliers, the capital markets (among other things credit givers) as well as the state (e.g. Requirement on tax fundses, environmental protection), nature (raw material supplier, photograph medium for waste) and the public (parties, federations, media, etc.).

State, nature and public are so-called nichtmarktliche groups of requirements. Principal, work, procurement and sales markets calls the Stakeholder beginning marktliche groups and relations (achievement and return). The groups of requirements can be differentiated also with respect to groups from the closer surrounding field of the enterprise, thus coworkers, suppliers, customers, etc., who are affected directly by the actions of the enterprise, and groups from the further surrounding field, thus the policy (e.g. municipalities), Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGOs), individual citizens, etc., which notice indirect effects of the enterprise activity. Competitors stand in this definition to a certain extent between the closer and further surrounding field, since they are not a direct goal of the enterprise activities, but their effects over the market mechanism mediated feel.

Theory and practice do not have a uniform conception, who is to be considered at all as Stakeholder. A possible demarcation criterion is the exclusive consideration of groups of requirements on the ability to exist of the enterprise. Thus must be called with security financial sources, in addition, customers, coworkers and suppliers. If necessary also the state could be called, which for example goods public by the supply (e.g. current supply) and the infrastructure gainful occupation makes possible at all.

Depending upon opinion also the importance of the different groups is and thus the adjustment of the enterprise disputed on it. Straight one herein lies the challenge for the Top management. To their accomplishment corresponding concepts supplied a multiplicity of authors. Of paramount importance Freemans was probably book, which 1984 appeared. Further important writings were written also still in recent past. So e.g. supply Mitchell, Agle and Wood (1997) a closed beginning for the identification and prioritization of the groups of requirements. Therefore are power, the authentication and the temporal urgency the relevant criteria. Rowley (1997) tries to win realizations from the theory of social networks. Altogether at least one consent seems to exist in the theoretical debate that the power of a group of requirements for the Stakeholder management is decisive. For this with the resources dependence theory is often argued, which on authors like e.g. Jeffrey pepper decreases/goes back.

Stakeholder in the system development

The development of a system (e.g. a computer system) has the goal, the needs of several persons, groups, to satisfy institutions or documents (e.g. legal texts) whereby the needs and requirements very differently, also moving in opposite directions and contradictory, to be to be able. All we call these persons, institutions and documents Stakeholder.

The definition of the term Stakeholder agrees here essentially with the term of the project-taken part of the DIN 69905.

Stakeholder or project-took part is all persons, institutions and documents, who are affected by the development and by the enterprise of a system in possibly a way. In addition belong also persons, who do not participate in the system development, but the new system for example use, in enterprise hold or train.

Stakeholder are the information suppliers for goals, requirements and boundary conditions at a system or a product which can be developed.

Literature

• R.E. Freeman: Strategic management. Pitman, 1984
• R.E. Freeman: The Stakeholder Approach Revisited. In: Magazine for economics and enterprise ethics (zfwu). 3/5/2004, P. 228-241,
• R. Philips: Stakeholder Theory and Organizational Ethics. Berrett charcoal burner Publishers, 2003
• A. Svendsen: The Stakeholder Strategy. Profiting from Collaborative Business Relationships. Berrett charcoal burner Publishers, 1998
• J.E. Post office, L.E. Preston, S. Sachs: Redefining the corporation. Stakeholder management and Organizational Wealth. Stanford Business, 2002
• A.B. Carroll, A.K. Buchholtz: Business and Society. Ethics and Stakeholder management.

Related links

• The Redefining the corporation Project Site
• Research center Stakeholder View
• European Academy OF Business in Society
• Internationally Association for Businesses in Society

Articles in category "Stakeholder"

We found here 23 articles.

Related Websites

We found here 5 related websites.

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