Strobilurine are a class of natural substances and their synthetic descendants (analogues). Their name is derived from the mushrooms of the kind Strobilurus Synthetically manufactured Strobilurine attained great importance as fungicide active substances in plant protection.

History

The chemical structure of Strobilurin A was cleared up for 1978 by Timm Anke (technical University of Kaiserslautern) and Wolfgang Steglich (University of Bonn). Since natural Strobilurine under light influence decomposes rapidly, with its synthetic analogues the central double bond was replaced, for example by a Phenylring. Thus photo stability could be crucially improved. The first Strobilurin fungicides were available in the year 1996. 1999 was already converted world-wide Strobilurine in the value of 600 million dollar, which corresponded to a portion of 10% of the fungicide market.

Natural substances

Natural way Strobilurine are manufactured by mushrooms as the and to unite further stand mushrooms (Basidiomyceten). The natural substances are called Strobilurin B etc. generally Strobilurin A, for Strobilurin A exist to the little used trivial name Mucidin. The hose mushroom Camarops (Bolinea) lutea produces the Strobilurine F, G and H.Die biosynthesis of Strobilurinen happens over Phenylalanin on the way. They have fungicides an effect, partially work them also cytostatisch and antivirally.

Impact

Strobilurine work into the Mitochondrien of the mushroom and disturb the Zellatmung. That is done via the interruption of electron transport in the mitochondrialen breathing chain on the Cytochrom-bc1-Komplex. For this biological effect of the Strobilurine their (E) is responsible - to (MOA).

Toxicity and

The toxicity of Strobilurinen for plants and mammals is small. With Strobilurine are converted rapidly enzymatically by splitting at the group of esters to the acid. Fish, water fleas and algae react sensitively to it to Strobilurine. Because of the rapid dismantling of these materials in soil, sediments and in the water no side-effects are to be expected with adequate application.

Use

Strobilurine work usually protektiv and must be used therefore preventing. For the fight of already existing harming mushrooms and for the extension of the action spectrum they are often sold as combination preparations with fungicide active substances from the class of the Azole. The duration of effect of the Strobilurine is clearly longer with zirka four weeks than with other fungicides.

Further effects

The treatment with Strobilurinen leads grain with plants, in particular, to a more intensive green colouring of the sheets. One calls green effect or Greening effect. It is based to a large part on the fact that with Strobilurinen treated plants are damaged less by mushrooms and/or less energy in their defense to invest to have. Further reasons could lie in an increased education of growth-promoting Phytohormone, lowering the CO2-Kompensationspunkts or retarding aging processes. Strobilurine seem to retard aging processes of the plants, by disturbing their protein and chlorophyll dismantling. With grain that can lead on the one hand to increased returns, since longer strength can be stored into the grain. On the other hand unreifes, green straw can be badly threshed, why Strobilurine should not be used briefly before the harvest. In practice the increments are appropriate for Korn/ha due to the green effect between 0 and 5 dt and for itself alone taken the use of Strobilurinen not to be worth.

of Strobilurin fungicides

The following table contains at present those (August 2005) of available fungicide active substances from the group of the Strobilurine. The columns D, A and CH indicate the permission in Germany, Austria or Switzerland.

Literature

Bartlett et al., "“Understanding the Strobilurin Fungicides"”, Pesticide Outlook - August 2001, P. 143

Articles in category "Strobilurine"

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