A stylograph, briefly also filling owner, filling feather/spring or filler mentioned, is a recorder in pin form, which transfers ink by means of a metal spring to paper. The ink flows thereby by the capillary effect of a memory (e.g. Ink cartridge, converter or integrated as piston fillers) to the point of the metal spring and is absorbed there by the paper.

History

The oldest historical recording of a stylograph dated from the year 1657, the earliest received stylograph originates from that 18. Century. Up to the beginning 19. Century gave it only slow progress in the development of the stylograph, afterwards the development and the number of produced stylographs accelerated themselves constantly rose. That the stylograph became a so popular recorder, it owes three crucial inventions: the gold feather/spring with iridium point, the hard rubber and the evenly flowing ink.

The first stylographs, which were equipped with these three key technologies, developed into the 1850ern, and into the 1880ern then the era of the stylograph began as mass product. The dominating American producers in this pioneer era were the companies Waterman in New York town center, Parker, Sheaffer and landlord in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. Waterman, Parker and Sheaffer soon the many other companies, which developed at this time, and remained market leaders until the early twenties 20. Century.

In Germany the manufacturers Soennecken began 1871 and cook/weber 1872 with the production of stylographs and the companies Soennecken and KaWeCo became into the 1890ern one of the main producers of stylographs in Germany. Montblanc was created 1906/1908. The company Pelikan acquired patents for stylographs with fixed ink of the Croatian chemist Slavoljub Eduard Penkala and 1925 the patent of Hungarian engineer Theodor Kovacs for the modern piston filler and began only 1929 with the production of stylographs.

In the following decades there were many technological innovations in the production of the stylographs. Zelluloid replaced gradually vulcanized hard rubber, which made production for a much broader pallet possible of colors and Designs. At the same time the manufacturers experimented with new filling systems. Intermediate wartime saw the introduction of some the most remarkable models, like the Parker Duofold and Vacumatic, the Sheaffer's Lifetime balance row and - starting from 1929 - pelican 100.

During and the fifties forties 20. Century maintained the stylographs their controlling position under the recorders, because early ball-point pens were expensive, were inclined to running out and had an only irregular ink river, while the stylograph profited further from the combination of mass production and technical skill. This period saw the product introduction of inventive models like the Parker 51, the Sheaffer Snorkel and the Eversharp Skyline, while the Esterbrook offered cheap and reliable mass products to J series with the lever filler models with replaceable steel points.

Starting from the sixties 20. Century achieved then the ball-point pen in the everyday life by improvements in the production gradually its supremacy over the stylograph. Although cartridge stylographs are in Germany and France still in particular at school used, modern manufacturers (particularly Montblanc and "“Faber Castell"” with the "“count von Faber Castell"” line) marked stylographs out nowadays also as collecting object and status symbol, and not only as recorder for the everyday use.

To the present manufacturers of good stylographs belong "“Aurora"”, CROSSes, "“Faber Castell, Lamy, Montblanc, grannies, Parker, pelican, pilot/Namiki, Sheaffer, Waterman and the German tradition mark Cleo of recorders from bath Wilsnack. Qualitatively high-quality ink is manufactured by the companies Aurora, CROSSes, Lamy, Montblanc, Parker, pelican, baroque, private reserve, Sheaffer, Jansen as well as the French company Herbin. Pilot is one of only few companies, which manufacture one-way stylographs beside high-quality recorders also.

Use of the stylographs

Together with the mass product pencil and the introduction of inexpensive paper on wood basis, the stylograph was responsible for an extensive circulation in the kind of the Schreibes and the form of the clerical work during 19. Century. They became so the forerunner of the modern office, that for instance at the end 19. and at the beginning 20. Century with the gradual introduction of the typewriter and the early copiers developed.

The stylograph and to smaller extent the pencil, replaced the combination of dipping feather/spring, Tintenfass, delete cradle as well as the delete sand, which can be used only with difficulty, which were used up to then to the letter. The use of a dipping feather/spring was because of the irregular ink river and the inclination to Klecksen a complicated and frequently also frustrating affair. In this regard the introduction of the stylograph can be compared with the separation of the early command-line orientated text processing programs and the mosaic printer by the graphic text processing programs and the laser printer.

Stylographs are regarded generally as most suitable write tools, in order to write or draw with ink on paper. They are however more expensive to maintain more complex and more sensitively than ball-point pens. In addition they cannot be used with the different pigment, shellac, ice close all US or acryl ink and - india inks, be used like them preferentially by artists in combination with (immersing) steel feathers/springs, feather/spring keels or sylphon bellows (exception: Pelican stylograph-suited, pigmented Fount India).

Feathers/springs

The feather/spring of a stylograph is normally made from stainless steel or of gold. Gold feathers/springs are provided durable alloy with a point from a hard, usually a metal from group of platinum. The material of the point is called frequently simply iridium, although not all manufacturers use this special metal still in their alloys for the Federspitzen. Also steel feathers/springs have usually points made of a harder metal, since pure steel points wear themselves out on the paper relatively fast.

The feather/spring is normally provided from the center to the point with a thin cut, by which the ink flows from the storage vessel to the Federspitze. With the usual feathers/springs of stylographs the point narrows itself into one point, whereby the ink is brought in a thin, even line to paper. Broad Kalligraphiefedern has partly several such cuts to the point to evenly fill in order to increase the ink river, and so also the broad lines with ink. Pointedly approaching feathers/springs with two cut generally as note feathers/springs are designated, since by the double groove a large line strength contrast can be achieved, which is necessary for the letter of Musiknoten.

Although the usual feathers/springs possess a punctiform point, which are available in different sizes (frequently: F=fein, M=mittel, B=breit, more rarely: EF=extra finely, BB=doppelbreit), are also feathers/springs with other point forms available. Examples are devoted tapered feathers/springs (Oblique, Reverse Oblique), broad feathers/springs, the one binding and/or change course on the left of and/or on the right of (Stub) as well as flexible, narrow feathers/springs, usually without hardened point (Italic).

The stylographs, those from the first half 20. Century come, have normally a flexible feather/spring, as they were needed for the letter of the preferential handwriting of this time. Starting from the forties the preference shifted toward the more rigid points, which withstood the larger pressure, which was necessary for the letter by copying paper for providing documents with copy.

Stylograph as works of art

Stylographs can be regarded also frequently as works of art. housings are manufactured from noble metals and with jewels; others are handverziert with a lacquer Design originating from Japan, which admits as Maki e is. An active community of stylograph enthusiasts collects and uses old and modern stylographs and collects and exchanges information about old and modern ink, and - bottles. Collecting tanks prefer being actually used frequently also with antique recorders those, those for the letter can instead of those, which lie only in a showcase for looking at. One the most expensive is the "“Montblanc Black dia. moon"”, which is occupied with diamonds and a value of over 120.000 "€ has.

This is not to mean however that all stylographs are pieces of collecting tank; quite good customs stylographs with steel feathers/springs are to be received for under 20 euro, and there are even"” one-way "“- stylographs.

See also

Feather/spring keel | penholders | pen | ink delete pin | delete paper

Related links

• Fountainpen.de
• Penexchange.de
• Lamy
• Namiki
• Pelican
• Cleo
• Collecting tank

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