The sword lilies (iris) form a kind of bloom plants in the family of the sword lily plants (Iridaceae). The kind extensive at kinds was designated after the Greek goddess of the rainbow (iris) and becomes estimated because of their beautiful and remarkable blooms.

Description

The bloom of the sword lilies consists of six three expresses as "“hanging sheets so mentioned"”, which carry remarkable combs or beards with some kinds, as well as three internal, frequently upright standing "“cathedral sheets"”.

The kind is differentiated with respect to two main groups, of which one is divided into further three sub-groups:

• Bulb iris
• Rhizomiris
  • Beard iris with "“beards"” from multicolored hair on the hanging sheets
  • beardless iris forms, to which these beards are missing
  • Evansia iris or comb iris, which possess an upright comb instead of a beard.

For the gardner in particular the kinds of beard iris are important. From them there is meanwhile a so large assortment that they are to be hardly still grasped for connoisseurs. The beard iris for better orientation into three groups is divided, whereby stature height and bloom time for are partitioning crucial.

• High beard iris (iris Barbata Elatior hybrid). These will flower over 70 cm highly and starting from at the end of of May
• Medium high beard iris (iris bar asking to dia. hybrid). These are between 40 and 70 cm high and have a bloom time, which is appropriate for high beard iris sorts between dwarf and.
• Low beard iris or dwarf sword lilies (iris Barbata Nana hybrids). These reach only a height of 15 - 30 cm and flower already starting from the second April half.
• Addition of the nomenclature: The official botanische name of the sword lily or beard iris is iris germanica (Zander 2002, 17. Aufl.). The gardening used names iris barbata as synonym one does not even mention. Since both synonyms use find and partially like two differently kinds are treated, this leads again and again to confusion.

With fertilized blooms it comes to the training of caps, which rank among the so-called lokuliziden caps. They tear with ripe ones at the back seams of each Fruchtblatt up. Beside sword lilies such caps arise also with narcissuses as well as night candles and many lily plants.

Spreading

More than 200 botanischen kinds and their innumerable sorts (garden culture forms, breeding particularly from England and the USA) originate from the moderate zones of the northern hemisphere. Rhizomiris plants are usually winter hard and prefer a sunny place; some the beardless sword lilies prefer very damp soil.

Kinds of bulb iris are likewise winter hard and need during the growth period a sunny location with much humidity.

Vermehrung

The Vermehrung of the sword lilies takes place via division after the bloom in the late summer or via seeds in the autumn. Sorts are always increased by division, because its characteristics, above all and - color, only in the clone keep genetic to remain.

Culture-historical

In the dream interpretation the sword lilies stand generally for hope and good message.

The sword lily is one of the symbols of Perun, one of the main Gods of the Slawen. Also the famous coat of arms lily of the Bourbonen, Fleur de Lis, is a representative sword lily.

Use

From the root of the violet iris, "“florentinischen sword lily"” (iris germanica var. Syn. Iris pallida), also Veilchenwurz or Violwurtz, became in 19. To century violet perfumes liked won and in old times of it also a Brechmittel made. The name comes from the root rungs, which contain ethereal oil, which flows with increasing age a fine violet smell and served in the antique one for the spice of the wine or for the removal of mouth and/or welding smell. As Fixativ the root is used in the Kosmetik and in production of Potpourris. In addition it becomes also as additive (Benediktiner, Danziger gold water, Cordial Medoc) and used for aromatizing wines and tobaccos. Still to our time one gave it to teething children for biting.

Kinds

• Nacktstengelige sword lily (I. aphylla)
• Japanese sump sword lily (I. ensata)
• Stinking sword lily (iris foetidissima)
• German sword lily (I. germanica)
• Plum iris (I. graminea)
• Turkish sword lily (Ith histrioides

Related links

• Iris Webtipps
• http://www.schwertlilien.de

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