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System theory is an interdisciplinary realization model, in which systems are consulted for the description and explanation of differently complex phenomena. The analysis of structures and functions is to permit frequently forecasts over the system performance.

The terms of the system theory are used in different scientific disciplines, so computer science, physics, electro-technology, chemistry, biology, logic, mathematics, physiology, sociology, psychology, Ethnologie, social work, semiotic and philosophy. The system theory is thus no own discipline, but a widely distributed and heterogeneous framework for an interdisciplinary discourse, which leads the term system as fundamental idea. Therefore there is also not a "“system theory"”, but rather a multiplicity more differently, partially competitive system definitions and - understands. It developed today however a relatively stable row at terms and theorems, on which the system-theoretical discourse rekurriert.

Bases

The term general system theory decreases/goes back to the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy. Its work forms the fundamental considerations of this science beginning together with the cybernetics (Norbert Viennese, William Ross Ashby) and the communication theory (Claude Shannon, Warren Weaver). Further important theories come from Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela (Autopoiesis), Stuart Kauffman (self organization), Bronislaw Malinowski and Alfreds Radcliffe Brown (functionalism) as well as Talcott Parsons (structure functionalism or system functionalism) and Niklas Luhmann (sociological system theory).

Chronology
  • around 1950 general system theory (based on Ludwig von Bertalanffy)
  • around 1950 cybernetics (W. Ross Ashby, Norbert Viennese) mathematical theory of communication and control of social systems through feedback-sharpen, related are the control theory
  • around 1970 disaster theory this branch of mathematics describes sudden changes, which result from small impulses.
  • around 1980 chaos theory mathematical theory of nonlinear dynamic systems, which describes bypasses, Attraktoren and chaotic movements.
  • over Emergenz, is based adjustment, and self organization describes 1990 complexes adaptive systems (John H. Holland, Murray Gell man, Harold Morowitz, W. Brian Arthur) and on work of the Santa Fe of institutes.

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