The strawberries (Fragaria) are a kind from the family of the rose plants (Unterfamilie Rosoideae). They play already for the Steinzeit a role in the human food, only with the introduction of American kinds to 18. Century developed however the garden strawberry.

Appearance

Strawberries are usually soft or seidenhaarige Stauden with thick, holzigem, threadlike driving root stick and basicconstant, langgestielten, usually triple sheets. They carry white blooms, which appear to the cooling period after the end. They stand usually in Trugdolden at the point of the upright, shank, and are with the ripe juicy fleshy, an illusory berry screen end fruit soils, which carry on their surface as small pellets. There is 12 kinds in moderate zones the Northern Hemisphere and a kind in Chile (F. chiloensis). meanwhile over 1000 different sorts.

The name is deceptive - the fruit of the strawberries, briefly strawberry, is not from botanischer view a berry, but ranks among the The red part is actually a Scheinfrucht, while the actual fruits of the strawberry are small yellow at the surface.

Propagation mechanisms of strawberries by the example of the wild strawberry

Animals and humans, which eat the Erdbeerfrucht, separate small hardshelled so that - if they find suitable local conditions - to germinate can (so-called Endochorie). In Europe there is mammals such as Rotfuchs, Dachs, hedgehog, and; Birds such as blackbird, house red tail, robin, monk grass mosquito and eddy lots such as vineyard snail, some kinds of beetle and millipedes, which are attracted by the red-colored fruits. They are involved thereby in their spreading. Ants drag the fruits even into their build, feed to their larvae the Fruchtfleisch and carry afterwards remaining from the building.

The wild strawberry does not however only use the Endochorie as propagation mechanism. Fruits, which remain at the dry after some time. falls down thereby. One calls this mechanism Barochorie. Wild strawberries increase in addition vegetativy. They form long which are formed bewurzeln and new Rosetten (so-called Blastochorie).

Contents materials

The fruit contains up to 2 per cent. The Sammelnussfrucht receives its typical red colouring by the plant dyes Anthozyan and Further the antibacterial and Katechine is contained in strawberries, which binds heavy metals in the organism. In addition strawberries contain so much Vitamin C that 150g cover of it the daily requirement. The fruits do not mature them after the harvest after, rank among the nichtklimakterischen fruits.

Culture history

From archaeological finds one knows that in the Steinzeit strawberries were already collected.

In the antique one one knew the strawberries - Vergil, Ovid and Plinius called them "“frega"” or "“fregum"”. In the Middle Ages there were large surfaces, on which the small wild strawberries (Fragaria vesca) were cultivated. Admit already were methods to let strawberries ripen sooner or later. Only one could not affect the size of the fruit. Only in the new world French settlers found a grossfruchtigere wild kind along the sinking Lorenz stream. This became in 18. Century to Europe as American crowd laughter strawberry imported and was cultivated first particularly in Botani gardens. 1714 discovered the Botaniker Amedee Francois Frezier the Chile strawberry, which had ledrig rigid and bluish green sheets and which exhibited above all very large fruits. Chile strawberries exhibit with the fact the characteristic that they are i.e. there are purely male flowering plants and purely womanlike flowering. 1750 succeeded to dutchmen the crossing of the Chile strawberry with the crowd laughter strawberry. This crossing is the master form of the today's garden strawberry.

Around 1750 coincidental crossings of the small crowd laughter strawberry from America (Fragaria virginia) with the grossfruchtigen Chile strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis) before that resulted to 19 from crossings of the different game forms the so-called pineapple strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), the grossfruchtige strawberry commercial in Germany, which from repeated. Century developed - the master kind our Gartenerdbeere.Eine used the garden strawberry is the monthly strawberry (e.g.: Fresca).

Strawberries in the cultivation

Sorts and Erntezeit

In the commercial cultivation as well as in back gardens almost exclusively garden strawberries are cultivated. To the garden strawberries among other things also the well-known sorts Senga Sengana and Mieze Schindler belong.

The main harvest of the strawberries takes place in Central Europe in the months May and June, however greenhouse strawberries made of Spain can be already bought in March.

Location requirements

For healthy prospering strawberries need a full-sunny and wind-protected location. Since the blooms develop after the end of the cooling period, they are strongly by late frost.

Optimal conditions offer strawberries a deep and well permeable soil. It should be nutrient-rich humos and. An easily sour soil with a pH value between 5,5 and 6,5 is particularly favorable.

Neighbour in the Mischkultur

Plants get along with different neighbour, those directly adjacent grow differently well:

Good neighbours

• Boretsch
• Shrub bean
• Garlic
• Head salad
• Allium
• Radish
• Chives
• Spinach
• Bulbs
• Porry

Bad neighbours

• Kohl

Use

Use as food

Strawberries are pick ripe and enjoyable, if at least is red colored two thirds of the fruit surface. Their full taste develops however only, if they are matured To a Nachreife it does not come with strawberries any longer. Ideal way they become immediately after picking verzehrt. Strawberries are only reduced transportable, since they are very pressure-sensitive and susceptible to mold fungi. In the refrigerator they can be stored with two to 6 degrees Celisus about until two days. At temperatures between 0 and two degrees they are days durable up to five.

To their processing they are washed, before handles and sheets are removed, since the contact with water leads to the fact that they lose flavour. If they are covered with sugar, may geschiehen only briefly before serving, since they pull thereby very much juice and become soft.

Strawberries play a large role with the production of jams. To the classical combinations sweet foods belong, with which Rhabarber and strawberries are processed together. Also bananas and strawberries complement each other geschmacklich.

Natural Erdbeeraroma

In very many food products with Erdbeergeschmack, as for example Erdbeerjoghurt or for costing and taste intensification reasons the taste is strengthened by added flavours and adapted to the desires of the consumer. Flavour preparing with Erdbeergeschmack can be manufactured with most different procedures, whereby the "“production from sawdust"” is rather a modern legend. Natural flavours only such may be called, "“if the aromatizing components of the flavour exclusively from natural flavour materials or flavour excerpts consist"” - thus of any biological organism according to flavour regulation. "“Natural Erdbeeraroma"” does not have to be won however in the sense of the law from strawberries, which for many consumers is misleading. Strawberries or Erdbeerfruchtzubereitungen (fruit mixture with small Erdbeeranteil) are added frequently only in small quantity.

Erdbeeraroma can be won also as excerpt from It consists of more than 300 components, under which over 90 carbonic acid esters, 30 carbonic acids, approx. 20 acetals, approx. 40 alcohols as well as Ketone, aldehydes, hydrocarbons and even some sulfur connections are. However the entire Erdbeerernte could not cover the need of Erdbeeraromastoffen and for Erdbeerjoghurt would be exorbitant.

An example of a synthetic chemical substance with strong Erdbeeraroma is the "“Erdbeeraldehyd"” (, ethyl methylphenylglycidat).

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