The skeleton provides for the shaping it body. It is moved by skeleton muscles. In addition chords serve as force carriers, which increased on the side at the bone, on which other side in the muscle are embodied. If it becomes necessary to change the course direction of the chords they are returned with volumes. Volumes serve likewise to strengthen and secure strongly loaded joints.

Skeleton

The skeleton consists of differently formed bones (tube bone and disk bone), which partially with each other grew together, like for example the head or the basin. It has not only the task to ensure the form of the body and to surely place thus the mobility of the organism, but has also protective functions for internal organs (again heads and basins) or their work to at all only make possible (the thorax, without which the respiration could not function). The inside the bone, the marrow, an important education place for the blood cells is additional.

The bones are among themselves connected with joints, the direction of motion and movement radius of the bones determine. The mobility in certain directions can additionally by bone projections/leads like the Olekranon (at the elbow joint) or the Rabenschnabelfortsatz (at the Schulterblatt) to be limited.

In the article over the skeleton of humans you find more details to this topic.

Muscles

Two different bones connect for skeleton muscles, by setting over at least one joint away with their chords to the bone. If a muscle shortened it tightens itself the two bones in their joint on each other. Muscles do not have only the possibility of pulling itself together however, of stretching into their initial position back. But they need or several muscles, which set on the other side of the joint and which cause opposite movement. Such muscles become opponents (lat.: Antagonist) mentioned.

Skeleton muscles must have increased not necessarily in only one place at a bone. Some muscles divide themselves in two or more parts, which set on a side in a common chord, on which other side however in different places at the same or even at different bone end. Such muscles calls one Bizeps (with two muscle heads), Trizeps (three muscle heads) or Quadrizeps (four muscle heads).

In skeleton muscles the individual cells in rows are one behind the other arranged; they form so a muscle fiber. Several of these muscle fibers form muscle fiber bundles, of which several together with a firm, netlike skin, which Muskelfaszie are surrounded, and form together the muscle.

In of the: Category: You find descriptions of particulars muscles to skeleton muscles.

Chords and chord sheaths

So that Kraft, which is developed by the muscles, in motion of the bones one converts, both building groups must be connected with each other. This is the task of the chords. They consist of firm, but flexible collagenem connective tissue. Their fibers lie parallel to the course direction. Chords grew together to ranges in the muscle with the muscle fibers and set at the bone at projections/leads or aufgerauten.

Additionally to the "“normal"” chords there are also chord plates (medical: Aponeurosen). They do not possess the form of a rope, but a firm, thick skin. At them several or muscle heads (e.g. the Zungenaponeurose, Aponeurosis linguae) can set for muscles together.

In order the chords unnecessary friction, which they can damage to save particularly long chords are led in chord sheaths. It acts over tubes out of two Hautschichten, between which liquid is. Thus develops a sliding surface, which sets the friction between the chord and the surrounding fabric clearly down.

Volumes

Also volumes (lat.: Ligamentum) consist usually of kollagenen fibers, more rarely in addition, of flexible connective tissue. They lie either around joints or in them (for example the cross volumes of the knee joint). They support the joints or restrain the mobility of the bones among themselves and help to avoid overstretching from muscles or chords to.

Also in the abdominal cavity there are volumes, which hold organs on the spot. They have to do however nothing with the volumes of the supporting apparatus and in the outdated Jenaer Nomina Anatomica (JNA) as Chorda or Plica were designated; this designation is still occasional in the literature.

You find a more exact view of structure and function of the volumes in the article over volumes.

Schleimbeutel

In places, which represent a special danger for chords, the body inserts additional pads, which are to protect the chord from chafing through: the Schleimbeutel (lat.: bursae synovialis). These pads are small skin cushions, which are filled with a liquid and are placed under the chord on the endangered side. The pressure of the chord is distributed by the liquid evenly on a larger surface.

Sesambeine

A Sesambein is a small bone, which in-grew into a chord and for an additional distance to the bone provides. Thus a larger lever for the chord develops, so that a smaller Kraft becomes necessary, in order to move the bone connected with the chord.

The most well-known example of a Sesambein is the kneecap, which in-grew in the chord of the Quadrizeps to the Unterschenkelknochen. The Unterschenkel can be easily stretched by this construction, without the thigh must exhibit still more muscle mass.

See also: Anatomy of humans, nomenclature (anatomy)

Articles in category "Supporting and movement apparatus"

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